Table 1.
Prevalence of mild to severe depressive symptom among medical students, measured by PHQ-9, during COVID-19 pandemic following their demographic and pandemic related characteristics, 2020 Bangladesh.
| Variables | Prevalence of depression | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (n) | % (row) | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Among all participants | 100.0 (425) | 80.2 | (76.1, 83.9) | |
| Age in year | 22.0 ± 1.8 | |||
| ≤ 20 | 25.4 (108) | 72.2 | (63.0, 79.9) | |
| 21–24 | 68.5 (291) | 83.5 | (78.8, 87.4) | 0.038 |
| ≥25 | 6.1 (26) | 76.9 | (56.7, 89.4) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 37.7 (160) | 74.4 | (67.0, 80.6) | |
| Female | 62.3 (265) | 83.8 | (78.8, 87.8) | 0.018 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 2.6 (11) | 90.9 | (53.5, 98.8) | 0.368 |
| Unmarried | 97.4 (414) | 79.9 | (75.8, 83.5) | |
| Profession | ||||
| Part-time job | 12.5 (53) | 90.6 | (79.1, 96.1) | 0.044 |
| Solely study | 87.5 (372) | 78.8 | (74.3, 82.6) | |
| Ever seeking treatment for mental health issues | ||||
| Yes | 6.8 (29) | 89.7 | (71.9, 96.7) | 0.187 |
| No | 93.2 (396) | 79.5 | (75.3, 83.2) | |
| The tenseness of getting infected by COVID-19 about | ||||
| Himself/herself | ||||
| Severe | 36.9 (157) | 84.1 | (77.4, 89.0) | |
| Moderate | 43.5 (185) | 79.5 | (73.0, 85.0) | 0.209 |
| No/minimal | 19.5 (83) | 74.7 | (64.2, 83.0) | |
| Family members | ||||
| Severe | 64.2 (273) | 84.3 | (79.4, 77.8) | |
| Moderate | 24.0 (102) | 76.5 | (67.2, 83.7) | 0.006 |
| No/minimal | 11.8 (50) | 66.0 | (51.8, 77.8) | |
| Source of news | ||||
| Television news | 68.5 (291) | 80.8 | (75.8, 84.9) | |
| Social media | 18.8 (80) | 86.3 | (76.7, 92.3) | 0.038 |
| Newspaper | 12.7 (54) | 68.5 | (54.9, 79.6) | |
| Struggling to get away from social media | ||||
| Yes | 71.1 (302) | 83.1 | (78.4, 87.0) | 0.020 |
| No | 28.9 (123) | 73.2 | (64.6, 80.3) | |
| The strategy took to maintain healthy psychology | ||||
| Yes | 44.2 (188) | 80.8 | (74.6, 85.9) | |
| No | 55.8 (237) | 79.7 | (74.0, 84.3) | 0.760 |
| Type of strategic strategy taken to maintain healthy psychology (Multiple responses) | ||||
| Involving leisure activities | 55.3 (104) | 80.8 | (72.0, 87.4) | 0.832 |
| Spending quality of time with friends and family | 29.3 (55) | 87.3 | (75.4, 93.9) | 0.160 |
| Maintaining COVID-19 instructions | 21.8 (41) | 73.2 | (57.5, 84.6) | 0.232 |
| Practicing religion norms | 21.3 (40) | 80.0 | (64.6, 89.7) | 0.969 |
| Optimistic thinking/positive outlook | 17.6 (33) | 96.9 | (80.1, 99.5) | 0.012 |
| Maintaining physical activity | 17.0 (32) | 90.6 | (74.2, 97.0) | 0.125 |
| Staying at home | 7.5 (14) | 71.4 | (42.8, 89.3) | 0.400 |
| Avoiding COVID-9 new broadcast | 2.1 (4) | 80.0 | (25.5, 97.9) | 0.989 |
| Difficulty in sleeping | ||||
| Having sleeping disorder in last 4 weeks | ||||
| Always | 10.8 (46) | 93.5 | (81.4, 97.8) | |
| Often | 14.8 (63) | 92.1 | (82.1, 96.6) | |
| Sometimes | 24.5 (104) | 87.5 | (79.6, 92.6) | <0.001 |
| Occasionally | 22.8 (970) | 86.6 | (78.2, 92.1) | |
| Never | 27.1 (115) | 56.5 | (47.3, 65.3) | |
| Average time of sleep in last 4 weeks | ||||
| <6 h | 19.8 (84) | 83.3 | (73.7, 89.9) | |
| 6–8 h | 36.0 (153) | 75.8 | (68.4, 81.9) | 0.226 |
| More than 8 h | 44.2 (188) | 82.4 | (76.3, 87.3) | |