Fig. 8.

Microfluidic technology for liposomal drug loading operations: microfluidic hydrodynamic flow can be used to create drug-loaded liposomes. Prior to drug loading operations, there is a rapid application of a steep transmembrane ion gradients. Drug loading takes place in the “drug loading and incubation” zone, which includes most of the chip area. In this zone, micromixer structures have been installed to increase the interactions of amphipathic compounds and liposomes during the drug loading process, which leads to increased loading.