(a) CCK-8 assay for SHEDs cultured in gradient concentrations of SIM. (b, c) Alizarin red S staining and quantitative analysis. (d, e) Odontogenic related genes expression. (f, g) Effects of 0.01–1 μM SIM on SHEDs angiogenesis-related genes expression. (h, i) chemokines related genes expression. (j, k) Effects of 0.01–1 μM SIM stimulated SHEDs conditioned medium on HUVECs migratory ability. Scale bar = 200 μm ∗P<0.05, ∗∗P<0.01, ∗∗∗P<0.001.