Table 4.
Multivariable analysis using Cox regression model for predictors of attrition among children on antiretroviral therapy at University of Gondar Compressive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia, from January 2005 to December 2018.
| Variables | Survival status | CHR (95% CI) | p-value | AHR (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attrition (n = 105) | Censored (n = 239) | |||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| <3 | 25 | 59 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.5) | 0.753 | – | |
| 4–8 | 34 | 93 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.4) | 0.116 | – | |
| 9–14 | 46 | 87 | 1 | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 52 | 126 | 1 | |||
| Female | 53 | 113 | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6) | 0.35 | – | |
| Residence | ||||||
| Rural | 23 | 46 | 1 | |||
| Urban | 82 | 193 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | 0.467 | – | |
| Parent status | ||||||
| Both alive | 68 | 168 | 1 | |||
| Both or either dead | 37 | 71 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.8) | 0.405 | – | |
| Caregiver of child | ||||||
| Biological family | 96 | 225 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.2) | 0.125 | 0.9 (0.4, 1.8) | 0.768 |
| Other | 10 | 13 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Baseline CD4 count | ||||||
| Below threshold | 22 | 33 | 1.4 (0.9, 2.3) | 0.151 | 1.4 (0.8, 2.5) | 0.257 |
| Above threshold | 83 | 206 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Baseline hemoglobin | ||||||
| ⩽10 mg/dL | 33 | 10 | 3.9 (2.6, 6.0) | 0.000 | 2.7 (1.5, 4.7) | 0.001 |
| >10 mg/dL | 72 | 229 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Baseline weight for age | ||||||
| Underweight | 82 | 114 | 3.8 (2.4, 6.0) | 0.000 | 3.1 (1.7, 5.3) | 0.000 |
| Normal | 23 | 125 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Baseline height for age | ||||||
| Stunting | 48 | 93 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.8) | 0.300 | – | |
| Normal | 57 | 146 | 1 | |||
| Initial regimen | ||||||
| PI-based | 14 | 14 | 1.7 (1.0, 3.1) | 0.064 | 1.6 (0.8, 3.2) | 0.227 |
| NVP/EVZ-based | 91 | 225 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Disclosure status | ||||||
| Non-disclosed | 46 | 130 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Disclosed | 59 | 109 | 1.4 (0.9, 2.0) | 0.098 | – | |
| Baseline WHO stage | ||||||
| Stages 1 and 2 | 52 | 197 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Stages 3 and 4 | 53 | 42 | 3.2 (2.2, 4.7) | 0.000 | 2.3 (1.3, 4.0) | 0.002 |
| Presence of TB | ||||||
| Yes | 20 | 17 | 2.1 (1.3, 3.4) | 0.003 | 1.0 (0.5, 1.9) | 0.979 |
| No | 85 | 222 | 1 | 1 | ||
| OI other than TB | ||||||
| Yes | 37 | 76 | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6) | 0.659 | – | |
| No | 68 | 163 | 1 | |||
| CPT prophylaxis | ||||||
| Yes | 76 | 225 | 1 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.001 |
| No | 29 | 14 | 3.5 (2.3, 5.4) | 2.5 (1.4, 4.3) | ||
| IPT prophylaxis | ||||||
| Yes | 32 | 73 | 1 | |||
| No | 73 | 166 | 1.0 (0.7, 1.6) | 0.824 | – | |
| Timing of initiation | ||||||
| Early (⩽6 months) | 71 | 141 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.9) | 0.331 | – | |
| Late (>6 months) | 34 | 98 | 1 | |||
| Year of initiations | ||||||
| ⩽2013 | 84 | 131 | 1.9 (1.1, 3.1) | 0.013 | – | |
| ⩾2014 | 21 | 108 | 1 | |||
| Baseline functional status (n = 196) | ||||||
| Working | 66 | 149 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Bedridden/ambulatory | 15 | 18 | 2.7 (1.5, 4.7) | 0.001 | 0.8 (0.4, 1.6) | 0.491 |
| Regimen change | ||||||
| Yes | 29 | 49 | 1.4 (0.9, 2.2) | – | ||
| No | 76 | 190 | 1 | |||
| Treatment failure | ||||||
| Yes | 23 | 11 | 1.1 (0.6, 2.1) | 0.802 | – | |
| No | 94 | 216 | 1 | |||
| ART adherence | ||||||
| Good | 80 | 187 | 1 | |||
| Fair and poor | 25 | 52 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.9) | 0.462 | – | |
CHR: crud hazard ratio; AHR: adjusted hazard ratio; PI: protease inhibitor; NVP: nevirapine; EVZ: efavirenz; ART: antiretroviral therapy; OI: opportunistic infection; TB: tuberculosis; WHO: World Health Organization; CPT: cotrimoxazole prophylactic therapy; IPT: isoniazid prophylactic therapy; CD4: cluster of differentiation 4.