Table I.

Means and Standard Deviations for T1D Self-Management Behaviors and Correlations Among Hypoglycemia Fear Survey Subscale Scores, Demographic Variables, and T1D Clinical Characteristics

	Youth (N = 1,035)				Caregivers (N = 1,161)
	M (sd); range or N (%)	Maintain high	Helplessness	Social consequences	Maintain high	Helplessness	Social consequences
Maintain high BG	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Worry/helplessness	—	0.26***	—	—	0.30***	—	—
Worry/social consequences	—	0.26***	0.65***	—	0.19***	0.55***	—
Age (years)	13.9 (2.3); 10.0–18.0	0.08*	0.03	0.02	−0.17***	0.03	−0.01
Sex (male youth)	543 (52.5%)	−0.31	−0.15***	−0.12***	0.01	0.01	−0.01
White	768 (82.7%)	0.01	−0.07*	−0.06	0.07*	0.02	−0.07*
Hispanic	117 (12.8%)	−0.03	0.02	−0.01	−0.07*	0.01	0.03
Commercial insurance	727 (70%)	−0.03	−0.05	−0.12**	0.06*	0.09**	−0.06*
T1D duration (years)	5.4 (3.9); 0.1–17.3	−0.01	−0.03	−0.05	−0.02	0.00	−0.06
A1C	9.0% (2.1); 4.9–15.0%	0.06	0.0	0.02	−0.08**	−0.02	0.08**
Uses pump	614 (59%)	−0.07*	−0.01	−0.01	−0.1	0.05	−0.04
Uses CGM	437 (42%)	−0.02	0.04	−0.01	0.13***	0.16***	−0.02
BG checks/day	4.1 (2.4); 0.0–14.6	0.01	0.04	0.03	0.12**	0.06	0.02
Mean BG	223.0 (64.2); 80.9–473.0	0.09*	0.03	0.0	−0.00	0.00	0.05
Boluses/day	5.5 (2.7); 0.0–15.4	−0.13**	−0.01	−0.02	0.06	0.06	−0.07
% BG readings low	4.1 (5.3); 0.0–40.0	−0.01	−0.03	−0.01	0.00	0.01	−0.03
% BG readings in-range	31.0 (20.7); 0.0–96.0	−0.12**	−0.08	−0.03	−0.05	−0.03	−0.03
% BG readings high	64.4 (22.8); 0.0–100.0	0.08*	0.05	−0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01
CGM Mean BG	186.4 (40.7); 68.0–371.0	0.08	0.09	0.08	0.06	0.11*	0.06
% time on sensor	75.6 (24.8); 0.0–100.0	−0.16*	−0.08	−0.02	0.07	−0.06	−0.07
Sensor SD	66.7 (19.2); 0.0–108.0	0.1	0.06	0.06	0.09	0.05	0.01
% low CGM	2.3 (3.7); 0–54.0	−0.01	−0.04	0.0	−0.07	−0.05	−0.02
% high CGM	51.3 (21.8); 0.0–100.0	0.13*	0.08	0.10	0.05	0.08	0.09
M (SD)	—	3.6 (2.8)	7.7 (5.9)	3.7 (3.4)	3.9 (2.6)	14.8 (8.4)	3.3 (3.5)

Note. BG = blood glucose; CGM = continuous glucose monitor; T1D = type 1 diabetes.*p < .05.**p < .01.***p < .001.