Table IV.
Means and Standard Deviations for T1D Self-Management Behaviors and Clinical Outcomes for the Lowest and Highest Tertiles on the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey Subscales
| Youth hypoglycemia fear survey | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Maintain high blood glucose |
Helplessness/worry about low blood glucose | Worry about negative social consequences | |||||||
| Clinical outcome | Lowest | Highest | t-value | Lowest | Highest | t-value | Lowest | Highest | t-value |
|
| |||||||||
| A1C (%) | 9.0 (2.1) | 9.1 (2.1) | −1.0 | 9.0 (2.2) | 9.0 (2.0) | 0.2 | 9.1 (2.2) | 9.1 (2.0) | 0.0 |
| Blood glucose meter or insulin pump data | |||||||||
| Mean BG (mg/dL) | 219.3 (62.5) | 229.4 (66.3) | −1.8 | 219.6 (68.3) | 225.5 (62.9) | −1.1 | 186.9 (47.6) | 191.4 (38.7) | −0.3 |
| % readings <70 mg/dL | 3.7 (4.5) | 3.9 (5.1) | −0.5 | 3.9 (5.4) | 4.0 (4.7) | −0.2 | 3.8 (4.9) | 3.9 (4.5) | −0.2 |
| % readings 70–180 mg/dL | 33.1 (21.6) | 28.2 (19.3) | 2.2* | 35.1 (23.3)* | 28.9 (19.7)* | 2.6* | 32.1 (21.9) | 30.4 (20.2) | 0.7 |
| % readings >180 mg/dL | 63.7 (22.3) | 66.5 (22.4) | −1.4 | 62.4 (24.2) | 65.9 (22.1) | −1.8 | 65.0 (22.5) | 64.8 (22.4) | 0.1 |
| BG checks/day | 4.1 (2.4) | 4.1 (2.4) | 0.4 | 4.0 (2.4) | 4.3 (2.3) | −1.0 | 4.0 (2.3) | 4.2 (2.3) | −1.0 |
| Boluses/day | 5.8 (2.6) | 5.0 (2.6) | 2.6 ** | 5.7 (2.8) | 5.3 (2.5) | 1.2 | 5.7 (2.7) | 5.4 (2.5) | 1.0 |
| CGM data | |||||||||
| Mean BG (mg/dL) | 184.8 (44.6) | 192.6 (43.5) | −1.3 | 183.2 (45.0) | 190.6 (42.0) | −1.3 | 186.9 (47.6) | 191.4 (38.7) | −0.8 |
| % time <70 mg/dL | 2.7 (5.7) | 1.8 (2.2) | 1.5 | 1.9 (2.5) | 2.0 (2.3) | −0.3 | 2.3 (2.5) | 2.4 (5.1) | −0.1 |
| % time 70–180 mg/dL | 49.0 (21.1) | 42.8 (21.2) | 2.1* | 48.5 (22.4) | 45.1 (21.5) | 1.2 | 47.6 (21.6) | 43.0 (19.6) | 1.7 |
| % time >180 mg/dL | 48.4 (22.4) | 55.4 (21.9) | 2.3* | 49.2 (23.2) | 52.9 (22.1) | −1.2 | 50.1 (22.4) | 54.7 (20.8) | −1.6 |
|
| |||||||||
| Caregiver hypoglycemia fear survey | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Maintain high blood glucose |
Helplessness/worry about low blood glucose | Worry about negative social consequences | |||||||
| Lowest | Highest | t-value | Lowest | Highest | Lowest | Highest | t-value | ||
|
| |||||||||
| A1C | 9.2 (2.3) | 8.6 (1.8) | 3.5*** | 8.9 (2.1) | 8.8 (1.9) | 0.88 | 8.7 (2.0) | 9.0 (2.1) | −2.5* |
| Blood glucose or insulin pump data | |||||||||
| Mean BG (mg/dL) | 223.2 (70.3) | 220.4 (61.9) | 0.6 | 225.2 (71.4) | 222.5 (65.2) | 0.5 | 214.7 (63.2) | 222.4 (68.9) | −1.4 |
| % readings <70 mg/dL | 4.1 (5.2) | 4.0 (5.1) | 0.0 | 3.8 (4.8) | 4.1 (5.4) | −0.8 | 4.0 (4.7) | 4.1 (5.2) | −0.3 |
| % readings 70–180 mg/dL | 32.8 (22.8) | 30.4 (17.9) | 1.2 | 32.0 (22.9) | 31.1 (18.6) | 0.4 | 33.4 (22.6) | 31.1 (20.6 | 1.1 |
| % readings >180 mg/dL | 63.5 (24.8) | 63.6 (21.0) | −0.1 | 64.1 (25.0) | 63.8 (21.0) | 0.2 | 62.7 (23.5) | 63.2 (23.7) | −0.3 |
| BG checks/day | 3.9 (2.2) | 4.4 (2.5) | −3.2** | 3.9 (2.2) | 4.3 (2.5) | −2.1* | 4.1 (2.5) | 4.3 (2.5) | −0.5 |
| Boluses/day | 5.3 (4.2) | 6.1 (3.3) | −2.0^ | 5.3 (2.7) | 5.6 (3.2) | −0.85 | 6.0 (4.4) | 5.2 (2.6) | 2.1* |
| CGM data | |||||||||
| Mean BG (mg/dL) | 184.2 (40.7) | 186.6 (39.5) | −0.6 | 183.2 (35.2) | 190.8 (40.4) | −1.6 | 184.3 (42.1) | 185.8 (40.8) | −0.3 |
| % time <70 mg/dL | 2.3 (2.5) | 2.0 (2.7) | 0.8 | 2.7 (3.0) | 2.1 (2.7) | 1.6 | 2.2 (2.6) | 2.4 (2.9) | −0.7 |
| % time 70–180 mg/dL | 47.2 (22.1) | 46.5 (30.5) | 0.3 | 46.8 (20.1) | 44.5 (19.5) | 0.94 | 48.7 (21.6) | 45.7 (22.1) | 1.1 |
| % time >180 mg/dL | 50.3 (23.0) | 51.4 (20.9) | −0.5 | 50.5 (20.7) | 53.3 (20.2) | −1.1 | 49.0 (22.4) | 51.9 (22.7) | −1.1 |
Note. BG = blood glucose.^p < .1.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.