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. 2022 Feb 5;8(2):e08904. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08904

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Various immune cells and hematopoietic cells exist in dental pulp. (A) Schematic diagram of the experiment and the method of tooth extraction. Tooth extraction was performed after carefully irrigating the surface of the tooth with PBS so as not to contaminate it with blood and other tissues. The graph shows the number of live bone marrow cells (BM), molar cells (DP), and peripheral blood cells (PB). Bars represent the mean ± SEM. Significance was calculated using one-way analysis of variance. ∗∗denotes P < 0.01, ∗∗∗denotes P < 0.001, and n.s. denotes not significant. (3–10 mice/group) This figure was created using BioRender.com. (B) The percentage of each immune cell present in bone marrow, dental pulp, and peripheral blood was examined via flow cytometric analysis. These data were subjected to t-SNE analysis. The figure on the left shows the total number of live cells among the three cell types: bone marrow (blue), dental pulp (orange), and peripheral blood (green). The figure on the right shows the distribution of immune cells in bone marrow, dental pulp, and peripheral blood. (C) Percentage of immune cells in bone marrow (BM), dental pulp (DP), and peripheral blood (PB) in the steady state. Bars represent the mean ± SEM. (4–6 mice/group, n = 10). (D) The percentages of Lin-cells, hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells (HSPCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in bone marrow, dental pulp, and peripheral blood were examined via flow cytometric analysis. The figure on the left shows the total number of live cells among the three cell types: bone marrow (blue), dental pulp (orange), and peripheral blood (green). In the figure on the right, the blue area indicates Lin-cells and the arrow indicates HSPCs and HSCs in BM, DP, and PB. (E) Percentage of HSPCs in BM, DP, and PB in the steady state. Bars represent the mean ± SEM. Significance was calculated using one-way analysis of variance. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗∗ denotes P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ denotes P < 0.0001, and n.s. denotes not significant. (3–10 mice/group, n = 13).