Table 2.

Odds ratios (OR) for moderate-to-very high risk of kidney disease progression in all participants*

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
OSA severity	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Primary analyses: all participants (n = 1295)
No/mild OSA	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Moderate OSA	2.67 (1.86−3.81)	<.001	2.69 (1.88−3.85)	<.001	2.63 (1.79−3.85)	<.001	2.63 (1.79−3.85)	<.001
Severe OSA	3.11 (2.19−4.40)	<.001	3.19 (2.24−4.53)	<.001	2.96 (2.04−4.30)	<.001	2.96 (2.04−4.30)	<.001
Secondary analyses: participants without a history of kidney disease and/or proteinuria (n = 1214)
No/mild OSA	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Moderate OSA	2.68 (1.80−3.98)	<.001	2.71 (1.82−4.04)	<.001	2.53 (1.69−3.80)	<.001	2.53 (1.68−3.80)	<.001
Severe OSA	2.86 (1.93−4.23)	<.001	2.94 (1.98−4.36)	<.001	2.71 (1.81−4.04)	<.001	2.71 (1.81−4.04)	<.001
Tertiary analyses: participants without CKD risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, NSAID or PPI use; n = 488)
No/mild OSA	1.0		1.0		1.0
Moderate OSA	2.17 (1.01−4.69)	.049	2.21 (1.02−4.77)	.045	2.10 (0.93−4.75)	.076	−
Severe OSA	3.66 (1.77−7.59)	<.001	3.80 (1.83−7.90)	<.001	3.21 (1.51−6.85)	.003

*Missing data from 87 patients with missing data handled using multiple imputation.

Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex and body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m².

Model 2: Model 1 + adjustments for excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS > 10) and poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5).

Model 3: Model 2 + adjustments for smoking and medical history of kidney disease (not in secondary analyses), proteinuria (not in secondary analyses), hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and stroke.

Model 4: Model 3 + adjustments for use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medications (not applied to tertiary analyses).