Table 1.

Components of the intervention

12-week multimodal exercise-based intervention
	Supervised exercise training (60min)	Nutritional supplement	Unsupervised exercise	Nurse-led support and counseling
Content	Warm up (~15min): light CVT (e.g., stationary bicycling or relay games). Balance and flexibility exercises (e.g., walking with changing directions, walking on toes and heels, or balance board). PRT (~35min) exercises: chest press, abdominal crunch, leg press, leg curl, leg extension, lower back, and low row. Number of repetitions for PRT: 15 RMa (session 1-2), 12 RMa (session 3-13), 10 RMa (session 14-24). Number of sets: 2 (session 1-6), 3 (session 7-24). Rest period between PRT sets: ~60 seconds. Relaxation (~10min), e.g., body awareness exercises, and stretching.	Protein drink or protein bar. 200-300 calories, 12-18 grams of protein.	Walking program based on step counts (Garmin Vivofit 3 activity tracker). Individualized goal setting and evaluation.	Individualized counseling and support based on a holistic assessment (physical, functional, psychological/emotional, social, and existential/spiritual) of each participant’s life situation and potential challenges. Advice and referrals provided based on identified needs.
Frequency	2 times a week.	2 times a week after each supervised exercise session.	Continuously. Evaluation and goal setting once weekly.	Two organized sessions at week 1 + week 6/7 + continuously.
Setting	Hospital.	Hospital.	Home (walking). Hospital (goal setting and evaluation).	Hospital.

^aThe weight that can be lifted, using correct technique, 15, 12, and 10 times, respectively, before repetition failure.

Abbreviations: CVT, cardiovascular training; PRT, progressive resistance training; RM, repetition maximum.