Table 3.
Results from baseline to 13-week assessment
| Variables | Control group, Mean (SD) | Control group, in-group change Mean (SD) | p valuea | Intervention group,Mean (SD) | Intervention group, in-group change Mean (SD) | p valuea | Between-group differences in change Mean (SE) | p valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (n = 43) | 13 weeks (n = 34) | Baseline (n = 41) | 13 weeks (n = 29) | |||||||
| Physical tests | ||||||||||
| 30s-CST, no. | 10.7 (3.1) | 11.5 (2.7) | 0.4 (2.5) | .489 | 11.8 (3.3) | 14.8 (3.8) | 2.8 (2.2) | <.0001 | 2.4 (0.6) | <.0001 |
| 6MWT, meters | 434.4 (92.9) | 438.5 (117.2) | −13.6 (65.7) | .550 | 463.7 (98.1) | 503.5 (91.4) | 27.8 (62.5) | .004 | 41.4 (16.2) | .002 |
| Hand grip strength, kg | 30.8 (9.1) | 30.6 (8.1) | −0.5 (3.1) | .543 | 28.4 (9.3) | 31.6 (8.3) | 1.9 (4.5) | .019 | 2.4 (1.0) | .029 |
| Body composition, DXA | ||||||||||
| Total body mass, kg | 69.4 (15.8) | 69.1 (16.9) | 0.4 (2.7) | .432 | 68.1 (12.8) | 70.3 (13.2) | 1.4 (3.2) | .036 | 1.1 (0.7) | .188 |
| Lean body mass, kg | 47 (9.2) | 46.4 (9.1) | 0.4 (1.9) | .278 | 47.3 (8.1) | 48.7 (9.1) | 1.3 (1.5) | .0001 | 0.9 (0.4) | .033 |
| Fat mass, kg | 22.4 (9.4) | 22.7 (10) | −0.002 (2.4) | .918 | 20.8 (8.1) | 21.6 (7.6) | 0.2 (2.5) | .759 | 0.2 (0.6) | .893 |
| BMC, g | 2,432.7 (575.9) | 2,407.6 (569.7) | 1.5 (53) | .483 | 2,490.5 (612.1) | 2,468.5 (631) | −14.4 (39.7) | .069 | −15.9 (12.1) | .358 |
| BMD, g/cm2 | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | .602 | 1.1 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | .204 | −0.008 (0.005) | .218 |
| Body composition, BIA | ||||||||||
| Lean body mass, kg | 42.9 (10.5) | 41.9 (8.8) | 0.6 (6) | .537 | 44.1 (8.5) | 44.4 (9.6) | −0.3 (3.8) | .675 | −0.9 (1.3) | .687 |
| Fat mass, kg | 18.5 (10.2) | 18.9 (11.1) | −0.4 (4) | .695 | 17.2 (8.8) | 17.4 (8.5) | 0.6 (3.5) | .681 | 1.0 (1.0) | .474 |
| Total body water, liters | 37.1 (7.7) | 36.9 (7.2) | 0.7 (2.9) | .183 | 37.5 (5.9) | 38.5 (7.3) | 0.6 (1.9) | .216 | −0.1 (0.7) | .738 |
| Activity, steps per day | 5,563 (2,447) | 4,992 (2,513) | −955 (2,031) | .015 | 4,590 (3,170) | 6,641 (2,687) | 1,575 (2,284) | .001 | 2,529 (567) | <.0001 |
| EORTC-QLQ-C30 | ||||||||||
| Global health status | 70.9 (18.6) | 70.8 (22) | −3.2 (19.7) | .741 | 57.3 (22.1) | 69.3 (16.5) | 9.8 (22.4) | .046 | 13 (5.3) | .020 |
| Physical functioning | 78.1 (17.1) | 81 (14.8) | −1 (14.4) | .988 | 75.9 (19.6) | 85.5 (12.4) | 5.5 (14.7) | .036 | 6.5 (3.7) | .055 |
| Role functioning | 71.7 (26.6) | 73 (24.6) | −4.9 (23.8) | .310 | 63 (29) | 75.3 (23.4) | 8 (26.2) | .162 | 13 (6.3) | .075 |
| Emotional functioning | 78.9 (17.9) | 84.1 (17.7) | 4.7 (16.7) | .193 | 80.1 (20.2) | 90.8 (11.4) | 8.9 (15.7) | .007 | 4.3 (4.1) | .211 |
| Cognitive functioning | 84.5 (20.4) | 87.7 (16.1) | −0.5 (14.5) | .833 | 85.8 (20.3) | 88.5 (16.1) | 0 (15.4) | .522 | 0.5 (3.8) | .718 |
| Social functioning | 88 (16.4) | 89.7 (16.4) | 0 (16.9) | .828 | 75.6 (26.6) | 90.8 (17) | 13.8 (31.8) | .063 | 13.8 (6.3) | .073 |
| Fatigue | 39.8 (22.4) | 34.6 (22.2) | 0 (18.1) | .807 | 46.3 (25) | 31 (18.9) | −10 (22.1) | .055 | −10 (5.1) | .104 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 9.7 (12.7) | 4.9 (11.3) | −2 (14.7) | .843 | 18.3 (22.6) | 5.2 (11) | −9.2 (23) | .071 | −7.2 (4.8) | .173 |
| Pain | 23.3 (21.6) | 14.2 (18.9) | −3.4 (19.6) | .562 | 23.6 (21.4) | 6.9 (13) | −13.2 (23.3) | .014 | −9.8 (5.4) | .082 |
| Dyspnea | 24 (26.6) | 26.5 (34.6) | 6.9 (30.5) | .194 | 30.9 (36) | 32.2 (22.7) | 4.6 (34.2) | .885 | −2.3 (8.1) | .988 |
| Insomnia | 18.6 (29.4) | 17.6 (26.3) | 3.9 (17.9) | .227 | 26 (33.8) | 18.4 (21.1) | −4.6 (29.2) | .276 | −8.5 (6) | .296 |
| Appetite loss | 31.8 (32.5) | 10.8 (19.6) | −17.6 (27.5) | .001 | 33.3 (35) | 9.2 (19.7) | −21.8 (33.7) | .002 | −4.2 (7.7) | .743 |
| Constipation | 20.9 (26.2) | 17.6 (26.3) | −1 (38.9) | .961 | 19.5 (25.8) | 10.3 (20.1) | −10.3 (33.5) | .140 | −9.4 (9.2) | .312 |
| Diarrhea | 12.4 (20.6) | 19.6 (24.8) | 7.8 (26) | .083 | 28.5 (33) | 5.7 (15.6) | −19.5 (27.5) | .002 | −27.4 (6.8) | .0002 |
| Financial difficulties | 2.3 (11.3) | 1 (5.7) | −2 (14.1) | .586 | 4.9 (14.1) | 5.7 (15.6) | 1.1 (14) | .766 | 3.1 (3.6) | .474 |
| MDASI | ||||||||||
| Symptoms (core) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.5 (1.4) | 0.1 (1.3) | .620 | 2.4 (1.6) | 1.5 (1.2) | −0.7 (1.5) | .020 | −0.8 (0.4) | .044 |
| Symptom interference | 2.2 (1.9) | 2.3 (2.5) | 0.4 (2.3) | .776 | 2.8 (2.3) | 1.6 (1.9) | −1.1 (2) | .010 | −1.5 (0.5) | .009 |
| HADS | ||||||||||
| Anxiety | 4 (2.6) | 3.4 (2.7) | −0.6 (2.9) | .306 | 4.1 (2.9) | 2.1 (1.8) | −2.3 (3) | .001 | −1.8 (0.7) | .033 |
| Depression | 2.9 (2.5) | 2.8 (2.2) | 0.4 (2.4) | .234 | 3.5 (3) | 1.6 (2.1) | −1.8 (2.3) | .001 | −2.2 (0.6) | .0004 |
a
Wilcoxon test.
b
Mann-Whitney U test.
Abbreviations: 30s-CST, 30-second chair stand test; 6MWT, 6-minute walk test; BIA, bioelectrical impedance assessment; BMC, bone mineral content; BMD, bone mineral density; DXA, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; EORTC-QLQ-C30, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MDASI, M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory.