Table 1.
Studies on long-term humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients on dialysis
| Study | Population sample size | Control group | Vaccine | Sampling time | Test type | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| De Vriese et al.92 | 492 HD (436 naive) | 75 naive HV | mRNA-1273 (n = 180) BNT162b2 (n = 256) |
24 wk | Anti-S (Abbott) | GMT: HD naive: 702 (mRNA-1273), 226 (BNT162b2) HD exp: 6671 (mRNA-1273), 5220 (BNT162b2) HV naive: 4046 (mRNA-1273), 1521 (BNT162b2) Decline between 8 or 9 and 24 wk: ±80% in HD and HV |
| Angel-Korman et al.93 | 409 naive HD | 148 naive HV | BNT162b2 | 82–89 d | Anti-S (DiaSorin) | GMT: HD: 23.3 HV: 222.7 |
| Anand et al.94 | 2563 D | – | mRNA-1273 (n = 1259) BNT162b2 (n = 1197) Ad26.COV2.S (n = 107) |
4–6 mo | Anti-RBD (Siemens) | No detectable antibody: mRNA-1273: 11% at 5–6 mo BNT162b2: 31% at 5–6 mo Ad26.COV2.S: 57% at 4–5 mo |
| Hsu et al.95 | 1567 naive D | – | mRNA-1273 (n = 779) BNT162b2 (n = 441) Ad26.COV2.S (n = 347) |
1 mo 6 mo |
Anti-RBD (Siemens) | Median: mRNA-1273: from 20 (1 mo) to 6.2 (6 mo) BNT162b2: from 20 (1 mo) to 1.3 (6 mo) Ad26.COV2.S: from <1 (1 mo) to <1 (6 mo) |
| Davidovic et al.96 | 41 HD | – | BNT162b2 | 4 wk 6 mo |
Anti-S (DiaSorin) | Median: from 1110 (4 wk) to 85.6 (6 mo) |
| Goggins et al.97 | 35 HD | – | BNT162b2 | Monthly to 6 mo | Anti-S (Euroimmun) | Mean: 648 (2 mo), 491 (3 mo), 366 (4 mo), 302 (5 mo), 178 (6 mo) |
| Speer et al.74 | 114 naive HD 41 naive PD |
– | BNT162b2 | 3 wk 12 wk |
Anti-S (Siemens) SNA (medac) |
Median: anti-S: HD: from 7 (3 wk) to 3 (12 wk) PD: from 22 (3 wk) to 7 (12 wk) Median: SNA: HD: from 56% (3 wk) to 45% (12 wk) PD: from 77% (3 wk) to 55% (12 wk) |
| Einbinder et al.76 | 118 naive HD 64 naive PD |
– | BNT162b2 | 6 mo | Anti-S (Abbott) | Median/mean: HD: 133/400 PD: 285/384 |
D, dialysis (home hemodialysis, in-center hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis); GMT, geometric mean titer; HD, hemodialysis; HV, healthy volunteer; naive, coronavirus disease 2019 naive; PD, peritoneal dialysis; S, spike protein; RBD, receptor-binding domain; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SNA, surrogate neutralizing antibody.