Table 3.

Overview of therapeutic options in COVID-19

Treatment	Ambulatory care	Hospitalized: mild-to-moderate disease without need for supplemental oxygen	Hospitalized: severe but noncritical disease (Spo2 <94% on room air)	Hospitalized: critical disease (e.g., mechanical ventilation, septic shock, and ECMO)
Corticosteroids		Suggest against use	Suggest use; 17% lower mortality	Recommend use; 34% lower mortality
IL-6-RA			Suggest use if CRP level > 75 mg/l; 17% reduced clinical deterioration, trend toward lower mortality	Suggest use if CRP level > 75 mg/l
JAKi			Suggest use; up to 38% lower mortality; not to be associated with IL-6 inhibitors; more infections when associated with glucocorticoids; no data if eGFR < 30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 or immunodepression
Remdesivira			Suggest use; trend toward clinical improvement (no benefit on mortality); accumulation in ESKD?	Suggest against use
Monoclonal antibodies	Suggest use Bamlanivimab/etesevimab: 70% lower hospitalization/mortality. Casirivimab/imdevimab: 73% lower hospitalization. Sotrovimab: 86% lower hospitalization

COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CRP, C-reactive protein; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-6-RA, interleukin-6 receptor antagonist; JAKi, Janus kinase inhibitor; Spo₂, oxygen saturation.

Modified from the Infectious Diseases Society of America and European Respiratory Society treatment guidelines, accessed December 19, 2021.¹³⁰

^aNo longer recommended in the European Respiratory Society guidelines.