Table 3.

Combined Mixed Effect Linear Model Parameters for VSD or Flux Models

	VSD				Flux
Model Factor	Beta* (SE) 10−3	P Value	Semi-Partial R2	Full Model R2	Beta* (SE) 10−3	P Value	Semi-Partial R2	Full Model R2
Age, per year	−0.357 (0.101)	<0.001	0.148	0.171	−0.612 (0.170)	<0.001	0.161	0.353
Systolic blood pressure, per mm Hg	0.037 (0.038)	0.34	0.013		−0.131 (0.064)	0.04	0.057
Diabetes (yes vs. no)†	0.166 (1.997)	0.93	0.000		−7.564 (3.356)	0.02	0.067
Hematocrit, per %	−0.037 (0.195)	0.85	0.001		0.758 (0.328)	0.02	0.074
Retinopathy (yes vs. no)	−4.885 (2.005)	0.02	0.037		1.226 (3.233)	0.71	0.001

SE, standard error.

^*Beta values represent the change in the output of interest (VSD or flux) for a single unit increase in the case of continuous variables or by the presence of the characteristic in the case of indicator variables.

^†Subjects were categorized as diabetic if they endorsed a history of diabetes mellitus or had a hemoglobin A1c value of 6.5% or greater.