Table 1.
Characteristics of patients in the included studies.
| Author | Study design | Sample | Age (mean/median) | Male (%) | Hypertension (%) | Diabetes (%) | Cardiovascular disease (%) | Liver disease (%) | Obesity (%) | Smoking (%) | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chang et al 21 | RC | 211 | 37.55 | 35.1 | 6.2 | 1.9 | 0.9 | — | — | 8 | |
| Chen et al. 14 | RC | 145 | 47.52 | 54.4 | 15.2 | 9.7 | 0.6 | 4.1 | — | 9.9 | 8 |
| Hwang et al. 17 | RC | 77 | 67.62 | 50 | 55 | 34 | 12 | — | — | 8 | |
| Petrilli et al. 16 | PC | 2729 | 63 | 61.3 | 62 | 34.7 | 70.6 | 39.6 | 5.2 | 9 | |
| Santos et al. 18 | RC | 37 | 74.7 | 47.4 | 60.5 | 39.5 | 50 | — | — | 8 | |
| Simonnet et al. 19 | RC | 124 | 60 | 73 | 49 | 23 | — | — | — | 9 | |
| To et al. 20 | PC | 23 | 60.46 | 56.5 | 26 | 17.4 | 8.7 | — | — | 6 | |
| Zhang et al. 13 | RC | 80 | 51.16 | 41.25 | 22.5 | 11.25 | 11.25 | 6.2 | — | — | 8 |
| Zhang et al. 15 | RC | 140 | 57 | 50.7 | 30.0 | 12.1 | — | 5.7 | — | 6.4 | 8 |
Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; RC, retrospective cohort; —, not available/applicable/reported; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa scale.