Table 3. Multilevel lag models found that increased protein meal intake predicted decreased carbohydrate and protein intake from the subsequent meal.
Meal macronutrient content (protein, carbohydrates, fat) were lagged such that the content from the meal prior were used as predictors for subsequent macronutrient content. Three separate multilevel models were calculated for each subsequent meal macronutrient. Regarding subsequent meal protein intake, increased protein intake from the meal prior predicted a drop in subsequent protein consumption. The same was found for carbohydrates – an increase in protein consumption predicted a decrease in subsequent carbohydrate intake. There were no significant lagged macronutrient predictors for subsequent fat meal intake.
| Meal-to-Meal Protein |
Meal-to-Meal Carbohydrates |
Meal-to-Meal Fat | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE | 95% CI | p | B | SE | 95% CI | p | B | SE | 95% CI | p | |
| Age | −0.03 | 0.03 | −0.09, 0.04 | 0.39 | −0.23 | 0.11 | −0.44, −0.02 | 0.0359 | −0.14 | 0.05 | −0.24, −0.05 | 0.0026 |
| Male | 3.08 | 1.23 | 0.67, 5.50 | 0.0125 | 15.82 | 4.06 | 7.84, 23.79 | 0.0001 | 4.19 | 1.79 | 0.68, 7.70 | 0.0194 |
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Black | −2.39 | 1.74 | −5.80, 1.02 | 0.17 | −24.17 | 5.20 | −34.37, −13.97 | <.0001 | −7.68 | 2.34 | −12.27, −3.08 | 0.0011 |
| Caucasian | −1.67 | 0.85 | −3.33, 0.00 | 0.05 | −20.20 | 2.94 | −25.98, −14.42 | <.0001 | −4.52 | 1.35 | −7.18, −1.86 | 0.0009 |
| Hispanic | −2.48 | 1.18 | −4.79, −0.16 | 0.04 | −10.22 | 4.06 | −18.19, −2.25 | 0.012 | −8.20 | 1.87 | −11.86, −4.54 | <.0001 |
| Other | −0.79 | 1.31 | −3.37, 1.78 | 0.55 | −23.11 | 3.45 | −29.88, −16.34 | <.0001 | −4.15 | 1.63 | −7.35, −0.95 | 0.01 |
| American Indian | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Fat Free Mass Index | 0.97 | 0.19 | 0.60, 1.34 | <.0001 | 2.89 | 0.68 | 1.55, 4.22 | <.0001 | 1.38 | 0.28 | 0.83, 1.94 | <.0001 |
| Fat Mass Index | −0.02 | 0.10 | −0.21, 0.18 | 0.86 | −0.29 | 0.34 | −0.95, 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.10 | 0.15 | −0.20, 0.39 | 0.51 |
| Protein Lag (g) | −0.08 | 0.02 | −0.13, −0.04 | 0.0006 | −0.21 | 0.07 | −0.35, −0.07 | 0.0032 | −0.05 | 0.03 | −0.12, 0.02 | 0.17 |
| Carbohydrates Lag (g) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00, 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.02 | −0.04, 0.06 | 0.75 | 0.01 | 0.01 | −0.01, 0.03 | 0.21 |
| Fat Lag (g) | 0.00 | 0.02 | −0.03, 0.04 | 0.80 | 0.09 | 0.06 | −0.02, 0.20 | 0.10 | −0.01 | 0.03 | −0.06, 0.04 | 0.63 |
Bolded coefficients are statistically significant (p <.05)