Table 3.
Weighted Percentages of Health Insurance Coverage and Cost Barriers to Care Among Low-Incomea Adults Aged 18–64 Years With Current Asthma, by 2014 Medicaid Expansion Status: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Asthma Call-Back Survey, 2012–2013 and 2015–2016
| ME Groupb | Non-ME Groupc | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | 2012–2013 n; Weighted % (95% CI) |
2015–2016 n; Weighted % (95% CI) |
P valued | 2012–2013 n; Weighted % (95% CI) |
2015–2016 n; Weighted % (95% CI) |
P valued |
| Health insurance coveragee | 1788; 79.8 (74.6–84.1) | 1696; 92.3 (89.2–94.5) | <0.001 | 1543; 70.1 (63.1–76.3) | 1383; 69.9 (63.0–75.9) | 0.96 |
| Could not buy asthma medication because of costf | 1795; 25.8 (20.78–31.6) | 1699; 21.7 (17.6–26.4) | 0.25 | 1544; 32.4 (26.1–39.4) | 1385; 36.4 (29.9–43.3) | 0.42 |
| Could not see health care provider for asthma because of costf,g | 1795; 22.1 (17.1–28.0) | 1702; 17.5 (13.5–22.4) | 0.20 | 1548; 29.3 (23.3–36.0) | 1387; 32.9 (26.6–39.9) | 0.44 |
| Any cost barrier to asthma careh | 1797; 30.6 (25.3–36.4) | 1702; 27.3 (22.9–32.2) | 0.37 | 1549; 38.7 (32.1–45.7) | 1388; 40.9 (34.4–47.7) | 0.66 |
CI, confidence interval; ME, Medicaid expansion.
Low-income was defined as below 138% of the federal poverty level.
Puerto Rico and the following 14 states: CT, HI, IA, MA, MI, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OR, RI, VT.
FL, GA, KS, ME, MS, MO, MT, NE, TX, UT, WI. Indiana and Pennsylvania were excluded from this analysis because these states expanded Medicaid in 2015. The 23 remaining states not represented in this table were excluded because ACBS data were not available from these states for each of the years included in the study period.
Comparison between 2012–2013 and 2015–2016 data. Boldface indicates statistical significance (P < .05).
Reported any kind of health care coverage, including health insurance, prepaid plans such as HMOs, or government plans such as Medicare or Medicaid.
During the past 12 months.
Combination of 2 questionnaire items (“Was there a time in the past 12 months when you needed to see your primary care doctor for your asthma but could not because of cost?” and “Was there a time in the past 12 months when you were referred to a specialist for asthma care but could not go because of the cost?”). A cost barrier to asthma-related visit with a health care provider was defined as present if the respondent said “yes” to either questionnaire item.
Combination of “Could not buy asthma medication because of cost” and “Could not see health care provider for asthma because of cost.” Any cost barrier was defined as present if either of these variables was associated with a positive response.