TABLE 1.
Patient background
| Item | Total (n = 50) | KRD (n = 31) | KD (n = 19) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (range) | 67 (41–81) | 67 (47–81) | 70 (41–81) | .063 |
| Gender, male/female | 24/26 | 15/16 | 9/10 | 1 |
| ECOG‐PS, 0/1/2/3/4/NA | 24/16/4/4/2/0 | 15/11/3/2/0/0 | 9/5/1/2/2/0 | .503 |
| Frailty score fit/intermediate/frail/NA | 35/5/10/0 | 24/3/4/0 | 11/2/6/0 | .246 |
| M‐protein | ||||
| IgG/IgA/BJP/others | 32/9/8/1 | 21/4/5/1 | 11/5/3/0 | .670 |
| κ/λ | 29/21 | 20/11 | 9/10 | .255 |
| ISS, I/II/III/NA a | 14/17/17/1 | 9/10/10/1 | 5/7/7/0 | 1 |
| Durie and Salmon a | ||||
| 1/2/3/NA | 5/8/36/1 | 4/4/22/1 | 1/4/14/0 | .636 |
| A/B/NA | 39/7/4 | 23/4/4 | 16/3/0 | 1 |
| Number of prior regimens, median (range) | 2 (1–7) | 1 (1–4) | 2 (1–7) | .067 |
| Prior BTZ exposure, n (%) | 45 (90.0) | 28 (90.3) | 17 (89.5) | .636 |
| Prior LEN exposure, n (%) | 35 (70.0) | 22 (71.0) | 13 (68.4) | 1 |
| Refractory to BTZ, n (%) | 21 (42.0) | 12 (38.7) | 9 (47.4) | .570 |
| Refractory to LEN, n (%) | 19 (38.0) | 10 (32.3) | 9 (47.4) | .372 |
| Past medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 15 (30.0) | 7 (22.6) | 8 (42.1) | .210 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (20.0) | 6 (19.4) | 4 (21.1) | 1 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 9 (18.0) | 6 (19.4) | 3 (15.8) | 1 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 3 (6.0) | 2 (6.5) | 1 (5.3) | 1 |
| Pulmonary complications | 3 (6.0) | 2 (6.5) | 1 (5.3) | 1 |
| Cerebrovascular events | 1 (2.0) | 0 | 1 (5.3) | .380 |
| Angina pectoris | 1 (2.0) | 0 | 1 (5.3) | .380 |
| Creatinine ≥2.0 mg/dl, n (%) | 5 (10.0) | 1 (3.2) | 4 (21.1) | .062 |
| High‐risk cytogenetics by FISH, n (%) t(4;14) or t(14;16) | 13 (26.0) | 7 (22.6) | 6 (31.6) | .521 |
Abbreviations: BJP, Bence‐Jones protein type; BTZ, bortezomib; ISS, International Staging System; FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization; KD, carfilzomib and dexamethasone; KRD, carfilzomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone; PS, performance status; NA, not available.
a
Staging at diagnosis.