Table 2.
Prevalence of Any Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine (4vHPV)–Type HPV or Non–4vHPV-Type HPV in Penile Swab Specimens, by Characteristics of Participating Transgender Women and Men Who Have Sex With Men—Seattle, Washington, 2016–2018
| Participants by HPV Type | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any HPV Type | ≥1 4vHPV Typea | ≥1 Non-4vHPV Typeb | |||||
| Characteristic | Total Participants, No. | No. (%) | P Value | No. (%) | P Value | No. (%) | P Value |
| Total | 687 | 333 (48.5) | … | 95 (13.8) | … | 303 (44.1) | … |
| Age, y | |||||||
| 18–21 | 178 | 74 (41.6) | .03c | 21 (11.8) | .36c | 69 (38.8) | .10c |
| 22–26 | 509 | 259 (50.9) | 74 (14.5) | 234 (46.0) | |||
| Gender identity | |||||||
| Male | 665 | 323 (48.6) | .24c | 93 (14.0) | .61c | 294 (44.2) | .36c |
| Female/transgender female | 6 | 1 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (16.7) | |||
| Other/unknown | 16 | 9 (56.3) | 2 (12.5) | 8 (50.0) | |||
| Race and/or ethnicity | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 350 | 164 (46.9) | .16c | 52 (14.9) | .26c | 147 (42.0) | .10c |
| Non-Hispanic black | 43 | 28 (65.1) | 8 (18.6) | 25 (58.1) | |||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 119 | 53 (44.5) | 15 (12.6) | 46 (38.7) | |||
| Hispanic | 135 | 66 (48.9) | 12 (8.9) | 22 (55.0) | |||
| Other/unknownd | 40 | 22 (55.0) | 8 (20.0) | 63 (46.7) | |||
| Sexual orientation | |||||||
| Gay/homosexual | 586 | 280 (47.8) | .34f | 76 (13.0) | .19f | 255 (43.5) | .54f |
| Straight/heterosexual | 4 | 1 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (25.0) | |||
| Other/unknown | 97 | 52 (53.6) | 19 (19.6) | 47 (48.5) | |||
| Circumcisede | |||||||
| Yes | 444 | 208 (46.8) | .30c | 69 (15.5) | .08c | 185 (41.7) | .11c |
| No | 235 | 120 (51.1) | 25 (10.6) | 113 (48.1) | |||
| Lifetime no. of sex partners of any sex | |||||||
| ≤5 | 47 | 16 (34.0) | <.001c | 2 (4.3) | <.01c | 16 (34.0) | <.01c |
| 6–10 | 83 | 26 (31.3) | 3 (3.6) | 25 (30.1) | |||
| 11–20 | 149 | 66 (44.3) | 18 (12.1) | 60 (40.3) | |||
| >20 | 371 | 198 (53.4) | 64 (17.3) | 179 (48.2) | |||
| Other/unknown | 37 | 27 (73.0) | 8 (21.6) | 23 (62.2) | |||
| History of ever taking PrEP for HIV prevention | |||||||
| No or unknown | 537 | 247 (46.0) | .01c | 65 (12.1) | .01c | 224 (41.7) | .02c |
| Yes | 150 | 86 (57.3) | 30 (20.0) | 79 (52.7) | |||
| Most recent HIV test result | |||||||
| Negative or unknown | 672 | 323 (48.1) | .19f | 91 (13.5) | .14f | 293 (43.6) | .11f |
| Positive | 15 | 10 (66.7) | 4 (26.7) | 10 (66.7) | |||
Abbreviations: 4vHPV, quadrivalent HPV vaccine; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HPV, human papillomavirus; PrEP, preexposure prophylaxis.
4vHPV types include types 6, 11, 16, and 18.
Non-4vHPV types include types 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 83, 84, 89, and IS39.
Based on Pearson χ2 test.
Including American Indian, Alaska Native, other race, >1 race, or unknown.
Excludes 8 participants with unknown circumcision status.
Based on Fisher exact test.