Table 1.

Characteristics of 2008–2009 Medicaid Beneficiaries with a Diagnosis of Depression in 28 States and District of Columbia by Race (N=599,421)

	Overall (n=599421)		African American (n=138728)		Caucasian (n=316012)		Hispanic (n=53974)		Other1 (n=90707)
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Individual Level Variables
Any treatment for depression
Yes	513,907	85.7	111,187	80.1	278,404	88.1	45,758	84.8	78,558	86.6
No	85,514	14.3	27,541	19.9	37,608	11.9	8,216	15.2	12,149	13.4
Treatment type for depression
Medication alone	505424	84.3	108020	77.9	274858	87.0	45225	83.8	77321	85.2
Therapy alone	1317	0.2	619	0.5	416	0.1	76	0.1	206	0.2
Medication and therapy	7166	1.2	2548	1.8	3130	1.0	457	0.9	1031	1.1
No treatment	85514	14.3	27541	19.8	37608	11.9	8216	15.2	12149	13.4
Sex
Female	453,490	75.7	103,970	74.9	239,310	75.7	42,359	78.5	67,851	74.8
Male	145,931	24.3	34,758	25.1	76,702	24.3	11,615	21.5	22,856	25.2
Age group
18–24	81,335	13.6	19,870	14.3	44,536	14.1	8,358	15.5	8,571	9.4
25–39	188,803	31.5	42,888	30.9	107,784	34.1	17,375	32.2	20,756	22.9
40–54	225,158	37.6	55,969	40.3	112,418	35.6	19,215	35.6	37,556	41.4
55–64	104,125	17.4	20,001	14.4	51,274	16.2	9,026	16.7	23,824	26.3
Elixhauser comorbidity Index
0	200,702	33.5	39,428	28.4	108,650	34.4	19,996	37.0	32,628	36.0
1	136,072	22.7	28,708	20.7	72,465	22.9	13,060	24.2	21,839	24.1
2	90,271	15.1	21,062	15.2	47,669	15.1	8,085	15.0	13,455	14.8
>=3	172,376	28.8	49,530	35.7	87,228	27.6	12,833	23.8	22,785	25.1
Zip Code Level Variables
Median Personal Income
<20k	71,505	11.9	22,825	16.5	25,379	8.0	11,267	20.9	12,034	13.3
20k – <30k	349,110	58.2	80,220	57.8	188,781	59.7	30,544	56.6	49,565	54.6
30k– <40k	131,116	21.9	26,408	19.0	75,981	24.0	9,181	17.0	19,546	21.5
>=40k	47,690	8.0	9,275	6.7	25,871	8.2	2,982	5.5	9,562	10.5
Proportion of black residents
<10%	319,974	53.4	19,449	14.0	219,166	69.3	39,190	72.6	42,169	46.5
10–20%	84,132	14.0	18,060	13.0	44,515	14.1	7,198	13.3	14,359	15.8
>20%	195,315	32.6	101,219	73.0	52,331	16.6	7,586	14.1	34,179	37.7
Proportion of Hispanic residents
<10%	310,507	51.8	80,207	57.8	207,708	65.7	3,144	5.8	19,448	21.4
10–20%	84,716	14.1	20,677	14.9	45,348	14.4	4,591	8.5	14,100	15.5
>20%	204,198	34.1	37,844	27.3	62,956	19.9	46,239	85.7	57,159	63.0
Proportion with less than high school diploma
<15%	218,218	36.4	34,616	25.0	151,079	47.8	10,310	19.1	22,213	24.5
15–30%	284,691	47.5	82,561	59.5	140,965	44.6	21,422	39.7	39,743	43.8
>30%	96,512	16.1	21,551	15.5	23,968	7.6	22,242	41.2	28,751	31.7
Gini coefficient2 (0–1)
<0.4	122,237	20.4	17,253	12.4	79,973	25.3	12,201	22.6	12,810	14.1
0.4 – 0.5	408,478	68.1	94,581	68.2	213,563	67.6	36,849	68.3	63,485	70.0
>0.5	68,706	11.5	26,894	19.4	22,476	7.1	4,924	9.1	14,412	15.9

Values were presented as frequency (proportion).

¹Other races include Asian, american Indian, Alaska Native, Pacific Islander, multiple races or unknown.

²The Gini coefficient was used as a measure for inequality of income, and a value of 0 expressed perfect equality.