Table 1.
Patient Characteristics and Surgical Risk Factors
| Preoperative Characteristics | Control (n = 237) | FEIBA (n = 82) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male (%) | 176 (74.3) | 68 (82.9) | 0.111 |
| Age (y) | 56.2 ± 12.6 | 56.4 ± 14.4 | 0.909 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.0 ± 6.3 | 26.0 ± 6.3 | 0.017* |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.45 ± 0.6 | 1.52 ± 1.1 | 0.639 |
| Diabetes (%) | 83 (35.0) | 28 (34.1) | 0.864 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 148 (62.4) | 52 (63.4) | 0.778 |
| Liver disease (%) | 31 (13.1) | 13 (15.9) | 0.504 |
| Hx of tobacco (%) | 110 (46.4) | 43 (52.4) | 0.330 |
| Prior CVA (%) | 42 (17.7) | 12 (14.6) | 0.538 |
| Platelets (103/mL) | 194.1 ± 65.9 | 169.0 ± 68.0 | 0.004† |
| INR | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 0.814 |
| Surgical factors | |||
| Prior cardiac surgery (%) | 52 (21.9) | 30 (36.6) | 0.008† |
| Preop ECMO (%) | 5 (2.1) | 5 (6.1) | 0.074 |
| Preop IABP (%) | 37 (15.6) | 13 (15.9) | 0.959 |
| Preop Impella (%) | 15 (6.3) | 11 (13.4) | 0.043* |
| CPB time (min) | 75.2 ± 38.1 | 100.3 ± 60.4 | <0.001‡ |
| LVAD type | <0.001‡ | ||
| HeartWare (%) | 141 (59.5) | 30 (36.6) | <0.001‡ |
| HeartMate II (%) | 83 (35.0) | 48 (58.5) | <0.001‡ |
| HeartMate III (%) | 12 (5.1) | 4 (4.9) | 0.947 |
| Preoperative echo | |||
| LVEF | 20.6 ± 5.9 | 20.1 ± 6.6 | 0.534 |
| RVSP | 51.1 ± 13.5 | 49.7 ± 13.2 | 0.432 |
| TAPSE | 1.84 ± 2.1 | 1.36 ± 0.5 | 0.084 |
NOTE. LVAD was analyzed by chi-square for individual type and by chi-square for the group. Categorical variables analyzed by Fisher exact test for n ≤five and chi-square test for n > five. Continuous variables analyzed by two-sided t test with SD (± SD).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; echo, echocardiogram; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Hx of tobacco, history of tobacco smoking; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; INR, international normalized ratio; LVAD, left ventricular device; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; preop, preoperative; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.
p value < 0.050.
p value < 0.010.
p value < 0.001.