TABLE I. Biosensors Strategies Reported for SARS-CoV-2 N Protein Detection.

Transducer Technique	Sample matrix	Limit of detection	Ref
LFA*	Buffer	0.65 ng/mL (Genemedi) 3.03 ng/mL (GenScript)	[8]
Electrochemical#	Whole serum 5× diluted serum	0.23 ng/mL 0.1 ng/mL	[11]
Electrochemical*	Buffer Saliva	4 ng/mL 8 ng/mL	[14]
Field effect Transistor*	Buffer	0.016 fg/mL	[15]
LFA*	Buffer	2 ng/mL	[16]
LFA#	Buffer	2.2 ng/mL	[17]
Electrochemical#	Buffer	~0.7 pg/mL	[28]
Electrochemical#	Buffer	8.33 pg/mL	[27]
Microfiber*	Buffer Fetal bovine serum	~3 fg/mL 50 ng/mL	[29]
P-FAB*	PBS Buffer	2.48 ng/mL	Present study

^*Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 N-protein,

^#SARS-CoV-2 N-protein