Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics at COVID-19 diagnosis of older adults with cancer, stratified by geriatric risk index
| Standard risk (n=2365) | Intermediate risk (n=2217) | High risk (n=1089) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years* | 67 (63–72) | 73 (67–79) | 83 (78–87) | |
| 60–69 | 1516 (64·1%) | 750 (33·8%) | 70 (6·4%) | |
| 70–79 | 822 (34·8%) | 949 (42·8%) | 268 (24·6%) | |
| ≥80 | 27 (1·1%) | 518 (23·4%) | 751 (68·9%) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1199 (50·7%) | 1012 (45·6%) | 500 (45·9%) | |
| Male | 1165 (49·3%) | 1203 (54·3%) | 588 (54 ·0%) | |
| Missing data or unknown | 1 (<0·1%) | 2 (<0·1%) | 1 (<0·1%) | |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1356 (57·3%) | 1267 (57·1%) | 660 (60·6%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 416 (17·6%) | 437 (19·7%) | 198 (18·2%) | |
| Hispanic | 303 (12·8%) | 234 (10·6%) | 86 (7·9%) | |
| Other | 247 (10·4%) | 240 (10·8%) | 130 (11·9%) | |
| Missing data or unknown | 43 (1·8%) | 39 (1·8%) | 15 (1·4%) | |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Ever | 1024 (43·3%) | 1213 (54·7%) | 625 (57·4%) | |
| Never | 1271 (53·7%) | 943 (42·5%) | 414 (38·0%) | |
| Missing data or unknown | 8 (0·3%) | 16 (0·7%) | 4 (0·4%) | |
| Obesity† | ||||
| Obese | 883 (37·3%) | 774 (34·9%) | 306 (28·1%) | |
| Not obese | 1482 (62·7%) | 1436 (64·8%) | 783 (71·9%) | |
| Missing data or unknown | 0 | 7 (0·3%) | 0 | |
| Has dementia | ||||
| Yes | 7 (0·3%) | 93 (4·2%) | 186 (17·1%) | |
| No | 2358 (99·7%) | 2115 (95·4%) | 903 (82·9%) | |
| Missing data or unknown | 0 | 9 (0·4%) | 0 | |
| Type of malignancy‡ | ||||
| Solid tumour | 1919 (81·1%) | 1844 (83·2%) | 896 (82·3%) | |
| Haematological neoplasm | 530 (22·4%) | 478 (21·6%) | 254 (23·3%) | |
| Cancer stage | ||||
| Localised | 1314 (55·6%) | 1131 (51·0%) | 583 (53·5%) | |
| Disseminated | 646 (27·3%) | 667 (30·1%) | 317 (29·1%) | |
| Missing data or unknown | 405 (17·1%) | 419 (18·9%) | 189 (17·4%) | |
| Cancer status | ||||
| Remission or no evidence of disease | 1194 (50·5%) | 1033 (46·6%) | 503 (46·2%) | |
| Active and responding | 271 (11·5%) | 237 (10·7%) | 111 (10·2%) | |
| Active and stable | 445 (18·8%) | 405 (18·3%) | 208 (19·1%) | |
| Active and progressing | 251 (10·6%) | 350 (15·8%) | 161 (14·8%) | |
| Unknown | 201 (8·5%) | 190 (8·6%) | 106 (9·7%) | |
| Missing data | 3 (0·1%) | 2 (0·1%) | 0 | |
| Timing of anti-cancer therapy | ||||
| Never or after COVID-19 diagnosis | 223 (9·4%) | 157 (7·1%) | 98 (9·0%) | |
| <2 weeks before COVID-19 diagnosis | 611 (25·8%) | 544 (24·5%) | 242 (22·2%) | |
| 2–4 weeks before COVID-19 diagnosis | 204 (8·6%) | 181 (8·2%) | 71 (6·5%) | |
| 1–3 months before COVID-19 diagnosis | 195 (8·2%) | 215 (9·7%) | 84 (7·7%) | |
| >3 months before COVID-19 diagnosis | 1055 (44·6%) | 1035 (46·7%) | 534 (49·0%) | |
| Missing data or unknown | 49 (2·1%) | 55 (2·5%) | 50 (4·6%) | |
| Intent of recent anti-cancer therapy§ | ||||
| No recent therapy | 1292 (54·6%) | 1223 (55·2%) | 676 (62·1%) | |
| Palliative | 511 (21·6%) | 554 (25·0%) | 264 (24·2%) | |
| Curative | 449 (19·0%) | 334 (15·1%) | 108 (9·9%) | |
| Missing data or unknown | 50 (2·1%) | 52 (2·3%) | 25 (2·3%) | |
| Modality of recent anti-cancer therapyठ| ||||
| None | 1292 (54·6%) | 1223 (55·2%) | 676 (62·1%) | |
| Cytotoxic chemotherapy | 389 (16·4%) | 398 (18·0%) | 135 (12·4%) | |
| Targeted therapy | 320 (13·5%) | 269 (12·1%) | 118 (10·8%) | |
| Endocrine therapy | 250 (10·6%) | 191 (8·6%) | 113 (10·4%) | |
| Immunotherapy | 119 (5·0%) | 154 (6·9%) | 59 (5·4%) | |
| Locoregional therapy | 222 (9·4%) | 211 (9·5%) | 71 (6·5%) | |
| Other | 35 (1·5%) | 32 (1·4%) | 18 (1·7%) | |
| Missing data or unknown | 63 (2·7%) | 54 (2·4%) | 16 (1·5%) | |
| Country of residence | ||||
| USA | 2266 (95·8%) | 2132 (96·2%) | 1005 (92·3%) | |
| Outside USA | 99 (4·2%) | 85 (3·8%) | 84 (7·7%) | |
| Month of COVID-19 diagnosis | ||||
| January–April, 2020 | 558 (23·6%) | 571 (25·8%) | 377 (34·6%) | |
| May–August, 2020 | 980 (41·4%) | 886 (40·0%) | 403 (37·0%) | |
| September–December, 2020 | 493 (20·8%) | 401 (18·1%) | 154 (14·1%) | |
| January–April, 2021 | 320 (13·5%) | 338 (15·2%) | 142 (13%) | |
| May–June, 2021 | 10 (0·4%) | 14 (0·6%) | 9 (0·8%) | |
| Missing data or unknown | 4 (0·2%) | 7 (0·3%) | 4 (0·4%) | |
Data are n (%) or median (IQR). The missing data or unknown category indicates either missingness due to non-response to optional survey questions or a response of unknown; an unknown category was provided for all survey questions.
*
For patients older than 89 years, age was truncated to 90 years. Truncation was done in concordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and to reduce the risk of re-identifiability.
†
Patient reported to be obese or to have a body-mass index ≥30 kg/m2.
‡
Percentages could sum to >100% because categories are not mutually exclusive.
§
Within 3 months before COVID-19 diagnosis.