TABLE 3.
Adverse Effects During Continuous Infusion Ketamine Administration
| AE, n (%) | First 24 hr (n = 381) | 25–48 hr (n = 221) | Day 3 (n = 133) | Day 4 (n = 78) | Day 5 (n = 60) | Day 6 (n = 41) | Day 7 (n = 30) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increased secretions or suctioning | |||||||
| Yes | 39 (10.4) | 19 (8.6) | 12 (9.0) | 4 (5.1) | 4 (6.7) | 4 (9.8) | 1 (3.3) |
| Medications started to control secretionsa | |||||||
| Atropine | 1 (0.3) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Glycopyrrolate | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | — | — | 1 (1.7) | — | — |
| Scopolamine | 3 (0.8) | — | — | — | 1 (1.7) | — | 1 (3.3) |
| N-acetylcysteine | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.5) | — | — | — | — | — |
| Seizure | 1 (0.3) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hypertonia | 1 (0.3) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Allergic reaction | 1 (0.3) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Injection site reaction | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Additional AE reported | |||||||
| Anxiety | — | — | 2 (1.5)b | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.7) | 1 (2.4) | — |
| Agitation | 5 (1.3) | — | 1 (0.8) | 2 (2.6) | — | — | 1 (3.3) |
| Dissociative effects | 6 (1.6) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (1.5) b | 3 (3.8) | — | 1 (2.4) | 3 (10.0) |
| Self-extubation | 1 (0.3) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Oversedation | 1 (0.3) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Somnolence | 2 (0.5) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Nystagmus | 2 (0.5) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Vision changes | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.8) | — | — | — | — |
| Itching | 1 (0.3) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Wheezing | 1 (0.3) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ketamine discontinued due to an AE | |||||||
| Yes | 14 (3.7) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (2.3) | - | 1 (2.4) | 1 (3.3) |
AE = adverse effect.
aTwo were on anticholinergics at baseline and three had no documentation of increased secretions/suctioning.
bOne patient experiencing anxiety and dissociative effects also used medical marijuana at the time these effects occurred.
Dashes indicate occurrence rate = 0%.