Table 2.
Biomarker concentrations (medians and interquartile ranges) in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis during active disease and remission, with results from a previous study shown for comparison (9)
| AAV, current study, RAVE longitudinal | AAV, published study, RAVE screening visit and Month 6 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Remission (287 samples from 74 patients) | Active (60 samples from 42 patients) | AAV active at screening visit (137 samples from 137 patients) | AAV remission Month 6 (137 from 137 patients) | Controls (n = 68) | |
| ACE | 170 (127;242) | 167 (106;233) | 105 (74;144) | 178 (130;252) | 97 (81;115) |
| BCA‐1 | 27 (16;50) | 41 (20;89) | 170 (74;489) | 32 (18;56) | 30 (20;45) |
| CRP | 5 (3;19) | 7 (3;32) | 12 (5;40) | 5 (3;12) | ND |
| ESR | 12 (5;24) | 16 (8;36) | 37 (16;60) | 14 (7;22) | ND |
| G‐CSF | 11 (3.9;28) | 18 (3.9;44) | 20 (8.0;46) | 11 (5.6;24) | 7.6 (4.9;13) |
| GM‐CSF | <1 (<1;2.6) | <1 (<1;4.3) | 28 (2.3;269) | 1.2 (<1;5.0) | 1.4 (<0.1;7.3) |
| IFNγ | <0.5 (<0.5;<0.5) | <0.5 (<0.5;<0.5) | <0.5 (<0.5;2.0) | <0.5 (<0.5;<0.5) | <0.5 (<0.5;<0.5) |
| IL‐6 | <0.5 (<0.5;1.8) | 1.3 (<0.5;5.0) | 2.1 (<0.5;20) | <0.5 (<0.5;0.8) | <0.5 (<0.5;<0.5) |
| IL‐8 | 9.8 (4.9;22) | 9.3 (2.1;56) | 20 (7.3;51) | 7.1 (3.6;15) | 3.0 (1.3;5.2) |
| IL‐15 | 6.8 (2.1;17) | 8.9 (1.8;22) | 22 (7.7;109) | 5.7 (2.6;14) | 2.9 (2.2;4.3) |
| IL‐18 | 40 (18;82) | 38 (22;99) | 57 (37;101) | 52 (31;86) | 36 (20;61) |
| IL‐18BP | 23 (7.9;57) | 37 (9.6;92) | 116 (22;768) | 15 (<6;55) | 14 (6.1;47) |
| IP‐10 | 11 (6.1;20) | 12 (5.5;24) | 11 (6.0;24) | 13 (7.7;25) | 3.3 (2.2;5.3) |
| MMP‐3 | 18 (10;31) | 27 (13;61) | 97 (47;148) | 16 (12;29) | 10 (7.0;16) |
| NGAL | 181 (107;294) | 190 (116;370) | 271 (176;399) | 172 (129;237) | 117 (92;150) |
| Osteopontin | 51 (29;89) | 52 (28;77) | 65 (39;101) | 54 (38;81) | 36 (30;42) |
| PAI‐1 | 2.2 (<1;4.4) | 2.9 (1.2;6.4) | 1.5 (<1;5.7) | 1.2 (<1;4.7) | 3.3 (1.1;7.2) |
| PDGF‐AB | 3.5 (1.3;6.1) | 2.9 (1.4;5.3) | 4.3 (1.6;6.6) | 3.3 (0.9;5.4) | 8.9 (5.8;12) |
| RANTES | 53 (30;111) | 51 (29;131) | 60 (33;107) | 52 (31;90) | 58 (28;91) |
| sICAM‐1 | 474 (300;887) | 507 (352;870) | 463 (307;933) | 537 (345;882) | 281 (226;337) |
| sIL‐2Rα | <2.5 (<2.5;7.1) | <2.5 (<2.5;13) | <2.5 (<2.5;153) | <2.5 (<2.5;<2.5) | <2.5 (<2.5;<2.5) |
| sIL‐6R | 22 (16;34) | 22 (16;35) | 27 (21;43) | 22 (15;33) | 16 (12;20) |
| sTNFRII | 2.1 (1.2;3.8) | 1.8 (1.1;3.0) | 2.7 (1.3;4.9) | 2.4 (1.4;5.8) | 0.5 (0.3;0.7) |
| TIMP‐1 | 183 (127;291) | 189 (136;366) | 477 (302;862) | 166 (125;233) | 117 (65;163) |
Units are mg/L (= mcg/ml) for CRP, mm/h for ESR, ng/ml for ACE, MMP‐3, NGAL, osteopontin, PAI‐1, PDGF‐AB, RANTES, sICAM‐1, sIL‐6R, sTNFRII, and TIMP‐1, and pg/ml for the remaining proteins, referring to the concentration in serum before dilution. Statistical analysis was not done to compare results, because patients in the current study are a nonrandom subset of the patients in the first study and because of repeated measures in the current study, differing in number among patients. With that caveat, marker levels were likely lower during active disease in the current study than in the first study, levels during remission were likely similar, and levels of many markers may have remained higher during remission (on treatment) than in controls.
Abbreviations: AAV, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis; CRP, C‐reactive protein; MMP‐3, matrix metalloproteinase‐3; RAVE, Rituximab in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated Vasculitis trial; TIMP‐1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1.