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. 2022 Feb 15;8:13. doi: 10.1038/s41421-021-00366-y

Fig. 1. Normal epithelial cells were identified in the primary PDAC tissues.

Fig. 1

a Unsupervised UMAP showing the clustering of epithelial cells using the transcriptome of P11. The red dashed line indicates epithelial cells in primary tumor tissue in the same cluster as those in adjacent tissue. b SCNA map showing the high frequency of subchromosome-scale SCNAs in P11. The red dashed line indicates that a significant proportion of epithelial cells in the primary tissue regions have euploid genomes and show similarity to epithelial cells in the adjacent tissue in RNA expression patterns. Other patients are shown in Supplementary Fig. S4. The bar plot on the right shows the heterogeneity of the global DNA methylation level among the cells. c Violin plot showing the global DNA methylation level and chromatin accessibility in the Norm_epi_Pri cells, Norm_epi_Adj cells and cancer cells of each patient. The statistical test was carried out using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. n.s., no significance; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. Only patients with each type of epithelial cells >10 were shown. d MDS analysis of promoter DNA methylation levels for all epithelial cells (1295 cells) from all 13 patients. The shadow in the dashed line indicates the relatively uniform promoter DNA methylation pattern for the Norm_epi cells from both adjacent tissues and primary tumor tissues. e MDS analysis of promoter chromatin accessibility for all epithelial cells (1295 cells) from all 13 patients. The shadow in the dashed line indicates the differences between cancer cells and the two types of Norm_epi cells.