Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Feb 14;12:2417. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06430-1

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

PD-L1 knockout in vivo polarizes TAMs to M1 in the spleen. Balb/C mice were injected through the tail vein with either nanoparticles or nanoparticles loaded with Cas9-g82/165 + HDR every three days for 9 days, then mice were sacrificed to examine macrophage polarization in the spleen by flow cytometry. Histograms of (A) PD-L1 and contour plots for (B) Ly6C and CD204 subpopulations for the spleen are shown for Cas9-g82/165 + HDR treated mice and the control. (C) Mice treated with Cas9-g82/165 + HDR showed a significant reduction of PD-L1 in spleen myeloid cells, indicating successful knockout by Cas9-g82/165 + HDR. Further, PD-L1 knockout polarized M2 TAMs into (D) Ly6C + M1 TAMs. This was further confirmed by examining (E) CD204 + M2 TAMs, which showed a significant decrease in spleen macrophages. n = 9 mice per condition over three experiments. The data was normalized for direct comparisons and represents the mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was evaluated with a t-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.