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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Virol. 2021 Dec 18;52:148–160. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.12.005

Figure. 1. Major N-glycan structures in wild-type and available glycoengineered N. benthamiana plant lines.

Figure. 1.

In wild-type plants, glycoproteins usually carry a single dominant N-glycan structure, GnGnXF or MMXF which contain plant-specific glycans of β1,2-xylose (X) and α1,3-fucose (F). By suppressing gene expression for xylosyl- and fucosyltransferases, plant-specific N-glycans can be eliminated from mAbs made in plants. Moreover, glycoengineered plants generated by introducing mammalian glycoenzymes to specific compartment of Golgi complex can overcome CHO cells’ inability to synthesize multi-antennary N-glycans, and can now produce mAbs with defined and homogeneous N-glycans on demand, including α1,6-fucosylated, bisected, tetra-antennary, bi-galactosylated, and bi-antennary sialylated complex N-glycoforms. (Glycan nomenclature according to Consortium of functional glycomics, see http://www.proglycan.com/upload/nomen_2007.pdf)