Table 1:
Representative anti-viral mAbs made in plants at various developmental and clinical stages
| Product | Disease application | Plant host | In vivo efficacy | Development stage | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IgG1 (2G12) | HIV prophylactic | Transgenic tobacco, corn endosperm, and N. benthamiana (transient expression) | Protection in mice, safety in humans | Phase I | [63, 64, 73] |
| IgG1 (ZMApp) | Ebola virus therapeutic | N. benthamiana (transient expression) | Protection in mice and rhesus macaques, safety and efficacy in humans | Phase I | [59, 60, 61] |
| IgG1 | Genital herpes (HSV-2)/HIV prevention | Transgenic Soybean N. benthamiana (transient expression) | Prophylactic protection in mice Safety and ex vivo activity in humans | Phase I | [116, 117] |
| IgG1 | West Nile virus prophylactic and therapeutic | N. benthamiana/Lettuce (transient expression) | Protection in mice | Pre-clinical | [47–50, 77] |
| IgG1 | Dengue virus therapeutic | N. benthamiana (transient expression) | Protection in mice | Pre-clinical | [86, 87] |
| IgG1 | Zika virus therapeutic | N. benthamiana (transient expression) | Protection in mice | Pre-clinical | [12] |
| IgG1 | Chikungunya virus therapeutic | N. benthamiana (transient expression) | Protection and reduced ankle inflammation in mice | Pre-clinical | [24, 79, 112] |
| IgG1 | Rabies virus prophylactic | Transgenic tobacco | Prophylactic protection in Hamster | Pre-clinical | [114] |
| IgG1 | Respiratory syncytial virus prophylactic and therapeutic | N. benthamiana (transient expression) | Prophylactic and therapeutic protection in cotton rats | Pre-clinical | [108] |
| RIC | Ebola virus vaccine | N. benthamiana (transient expression) | Protection in mice | Pre-clinical | [57, 58]] |
| IgG1 | SARS-CoV-2 cytokine storm prevention | N. benthamiana (transient expression) | Not reported | Research | [105] |
| IgG1 | SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic | N. benthamiana (transient expression) | Not reported | Research | [97, 99, 100] |
| IgG3 | SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic | N. benthamiana (transient expression) | Not reported | Research | [100] |
| IgA1 dimer | SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic | N. benthamiana (transient expression) | Not reported | Research | [99] |
RIC: recombinant immune complex, Pre-clinical: Efficacy demonstrated in animal models, Research: Efficacy only tested in vitro.