Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with the 28-day mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	p-value	Hazard ratio	95% CI	p-value	Hazard ratio	95% CI
Presence of cirrhosis	< 0.0001	0.56	0.46–0.69	< 0.001	0.48	0.36–0.63
Age	0.02	1.01	1.00–1.02	0.09	1.01	1.00–1.02
Male sex	0.88	0.98	0.72–1.34
Acute insult (Alcohol vs. non-alcohol)	0.02	0.79	0.65–0.97	0.04	0.75	0.56–0.99
CLD etiologies	0.36	1.01	0.99–1.03
Hemoglobin	0.10	0.96	0.92–1.01
WBC count	0.002	1.01	1.01–1.02	< 0.001	1.03	1.02–1.05
Platelet count	0.21	1.00	0.99–1.00
Serum sodium	0.40	1.01	0.99–1.02
Creatinine	0.21	1.04	0.98–1.10
Total bilirubin	0.44	1.00	0.99–1.02
Albumin	0.48	0.94	0.79–1.12
ALT	0.05	1.00	1.000–1.000
INR	0.005	1.15	1.04–1.26	0.99	1.00	0.87–1.16
CTP scores	0.19	1.05	0.98–1.13
MELD scores	< 0.0001	1.07	1.04–1.09	< 0.001	1.11	1.08–1.14
Number of organ failure	0.005	1.20	1.06–1.36	0.04	1.21	1.01–1.44
Presence of ascites	0.08	1.41	0.96–2.08
Presence of HEa	< 0.0001	2.03	1.64–2.52	< 0.001	2.82	2.16–3.67

ALT alanine aminotransferase, CLD chronic liver disease, CTP Child-Turcotte-Pugh score, HE hepatic encephalopathy, INR international normalized ratio, MELD model for end-stage liver disease, WBC white blood cell count

^aHepatic encephalopathy by any severity