Table 1.
Health expectancies and life expectancy from age 50 with covariate combinations sex, osteoarthritis (OA) and occupation in England (ELSA data, n = 15,284).
| Model | HWLE | State 2 (H&NW) | State 3 (NH&W) | State 4 (NH&NW) | LE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | 9.43 (9.19, 9.66) | 11.24 (10.94, 11.53) | 1.83 (1.73, 1.93) | 9.33 (9.07, 9.59) | 31.83 (31.47, 32.18) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 11.00 (10.67, 11.34) | 9.73 (9.34, 10.13) | 1.99 (1.84, 2.15) | 7.59 (7.26, 7.92) | 30.32 (29.84, 30.8) |
| Female | 8.19 (7.90, 8.48) | 12.54 (12.12, 12.96) | 1.69 (1.56, 1.82) | 10.91 (10.52, 11.30) | 33.33 (32.83, 33.84) |
| Osteoarthritis | |||||
| Has OA | 5.68 (5.29, 6.07) | 8.82 (8.36, 9.29) | 2.74 (2.48, 3.00) | 15.00 (14.43, 15.58) | 32.25 (31.59, 32.90) |
| No OA | 10 (9.74, 10.26) | 12.17 (11.8, 12.53) | 1.62 (1.51, 1.72) | 7.53 (7.25, 7.80) | 31.31 (30.89, 31.73) |
| Occupation | |||||
| Self-employed | 10.98 (10.23, 11.74) | 10.70 (9.58, 11.82) | 2.78 (2.37, 3.19) | 8.99 (7.94, 10.05) | 33.45 (31.89, 35.02) |
| Non-manual | 10.06 (9.74, 10.38) | 14.32 (13.78, 14.85) | 1.79 (1.65, 1.93) | 10.27 (9.80, 10.75) | 36.44 (35.74, 37.14) |
| Manual | 8.59 (8.24, 8.93) | 11.40 (10.93, 11.88) | 1.76 (1.61, 1.92) | 12.05 (11.55, 12.55) | 33.80 (33.16, 34.45) |
| Sex + osteoarthritis | |||||
| Males | |||||
| Has OA | 6.56 (5.99, 7.12) | 7.36 (6.83, 7.88) | 3.73 (3.33, 4.12) | 12.75 (12.06, 13.44) | 30.39 (29.6, 31.17) |
| No OA | 11.41 (11.06, 11.75) | 10.41 (9.97, 10.84) | 1.78 (1.64, 1.93) | 6.47 (6.16, 6.79) | 30.07 (29.55, 30.59) |
| Females | |||||
| Has OA | 5.28 (4.90, 5.65) | 9.65 (9.12, 10.18) | 2.38 (2.12, 2.64) | 16.23 (15.58, 16.88) | 33.54 (32.81, 34.26) |
| No OA | 8.77 (8.45, 9.09) | 13.96 (13.44, 14.47) | 1.46 (1.33, 1.59) | 8.66 (8.27, 9.05) | 32.85 (32.27, 33.42) |
| Osteoarthritis + occupation | |||||
| People with OA | |||||
| Self employed | 5.81 (4.86, 6.76) | 8.21 (7.10, 9.31) | 5.16 (4.35, 5.97) | 14.28 (12.72, 15.85) | 33.46 (31.60, 35.31) |
| Non-manual | 7.29 (6.80, 7.78) | 11.10 (10.45, 11.76) | 2.93 (2.61, 3.25) | 15.02 (14.26, 15.78) | 36.34 (35.41, 37.26) |
| Manual | 4.86 (4.46, 5.25) | 8.61 (8.05, 9.17) | 2.19 (1.92, 2.46) | 17.98 (17.18, 18.78) | 33.63 (32.73, 34.53) |
| People without OA | |||||
| Self employed | 12.00 (11.23, 12.78) | 11.62 (10.40, 12.83) | 2.32 (1.95, 2.68) | 7.36 (6.44, 8.28) | 33.29 (31.71, 34.88) |
| Non-manual | 10.48 (10.14, 10.82) | 15.75 (15.11, 16.38) | 1.58 (1.45, 1.72) | 8.42 (7.96, 8.88) | 36.23 (35.47, 36.99) |
| Manual | 9.33 (8.94, 9.71) | 12.68 (12.12, 13.24) | 1.58 (1.43, 1.73) | 9.91 (9.42, 10.40) | 33.50 (32.79, 34.20) |
| Sex + osteoarthritis + occupation | |||||
| Males with OA | |||||
| Self employed | 7.80 (6.57, 9.04) | 6.91 (5.94, 7.87) | 6.46 (5.46, 7.46) | 11.22 (9.78, 12.65) | 32.38 (30.68, 34.09) |
| Non-manual | 10.30 (9.62, 10.98) | 9.31 (8.62, 10.00) | 2.92 (2.50, 3.35) | 11.67 (10.90, 12.44) | 34.20 (33.26, 35.15) |
| Manual | 2.01 (1.57, 2.46) | 7.27 (6.58, 7.95) | 1.32 (0.94, 1.71) | 19.00 (17.98, 20.01) | 29.60 (28.48, 30.71) |
| Males without OA | |||||
| Self employed | 13.06 (12.27, 13.86) | 10.27 (9.13, 11.40) | 2.62 (2.20, 3.04) | 6.39 (5.56, 7.23) | 32.35 (30.81, 33.88) |
| Non-manual | 12.06 (11.63, 12.49) | 13.55 (12.89, 14.22) | 1.64 (1.47, 1.81) | 7.19 (6.73, 7.65) | 34.44 (33.66, 35.23) |
| Manual | 10.22 (9.75, 10.68) | 10.73 (10.14, 11.32) | 1.76 (1.56, 1.95) | 8.82 (8.30, 9.34) | 31.52 (30.77, 32.27) |
| Females with OA | |||||
| Self employed | 2.99 (2.26, 3.71) | 10.11 (8.65, 11.57) | 2.60 (1.66, 3.54) | 19.50 (17.52, 21.49) | 35.20 (33.05, 37.34) |
| Non-manual | 6.34 (5.86, 6.82) | 12.19 (11.45, 12.93) | 2.86 (2.53, 3.19) | 16.73 (15.87, 17.59) | 38.11 (37.09, 39.13) |
| Manual | 4.95 (4.54, 5.36) | 9.39 (8.77, 10.01) | 2.22 (1.95, 2.50) | 18.98 (18.10, 19.86) | 35.54 (34.57, 36.52) |
| Females without OA | |||||
| Self employed | 10.25 (9.47, 11.02) | 14.55 (13.04, 16.07) | 1.82 (1.45, 2.18) | 9.49 (8.35, 10.64) | 36.11 (34.30, 37.92) |
| Non-manual | 9.04 (8.65, 9.43) | 18.12 (17.32, 18.93) | 1.50 (1.35, 1.65) | 9.82 (9.22, 10.41) | 38.48 (37.55, 39.41) |
| Manual | 8.57 (8.15, 8.99) | 14.47 (13.77, 15.17) | 1.47 (1.31, 1.63) | 11.17 (10.55, 11.79) | 35.67 (34.82, 36.53) |
Results shown are mean average duration in the given health/work state in years with 95% confidence interval.
HWLE healthy working life expectancy, H&NW Healthy and Not Working, NH&W Not Healthy and Working, NH&NW Not Healthy and Not Working, LE life expectancy.