TABLE 2.
Physiologic Comparison Between the BSI and no-BSI Groups a
| All Athletes | Male | Female | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSI (n = 18) |
No BSI (n = 61) |
P (ES b ) | BSI (n = 7) |
No BSI (n = 35) |
P (ES b ) | BSI (n = 11) |
No BSI (n = 26) |
P (ES b ) | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Height, cm | 169.8 ± 4.1 | 173.9 ± 2.0 | NS | 176.7 ± 6.1 | 178.5 ± 1.8 | NS | 165.3 ± 3.6 | 167.6 ± 2.4 | NS |
| Weight, kg | 58.6 ± 3.8 | 62.0 ± 1.8 | NS | 65.1 ± 5.6 | 65.8 ± 1.9 | NS | 54.4 ± 3.1 | 57.0 ± 2.0 | NS |
| Age, years | 19.5 ± 0.7 | 20.1 ± 0.4 | NS | 20.4 ± 1.5 | 20.1 ± 0.5 | NS | 19.0 ± 0.5 | 20.1 ± 0.6 | NS |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 20.6 ± 0.7 | 20.7 ± 0.4 | NS | 21.2 ± 0.4 | 20.8 ± 0.5 | NS | 20.3 ± 1.0 | 20.5 ± 0.6 | NS |
| Body composition | |||||||||
| %BF | 17.2 ± 3.1 | 15.5 ± 1.4 | NS | 9.9 ± 1.8 | 11.7 ± 0.7 | NS | 21.8 ± 2.1 | 20.7 ± 1.5 | NS |
| Fat mass, kg | 9.8 ± 1.6 | 9.5 ± 0.8 | NS | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 7.7 ± 0.5 | .041 (1.01 [VL]) |
11.9 ± 1.5 | 11.9 ± 1.1 | NS |
| Fat-free mass, kg | 48.8 ± 4.6 | 52.6 ± 2.0 | NS | 58.8 ± 5.8 | 58.1 ± 1.7 | NS | 42.5 ± 2.3 | 45.1 ± 1.5 | NS |
| Lean mass, kg | 46.6 ± 4.5 | 49.9 ± 1.9 | NS | 56.4 ± 5.6 | 55.4 ± 1.6 | NS | 40.3 ± 2.1 | 42.73 ± 1.5 | NS |
| Legs lean mass, kg | 15.5 ± 1.2 | 17.1 ± 0.7 | .042 (.53 [L]) |
18.6 ± 2.0 | 18.8 ± 0.6 | NS | 13.5 ± 0.7 | 14.7 ± 0.6 | .035 (0.82 [VL]) |
| Trunk lean mass, kg | 23.1 ± 2.3 | 24.3 ± 0.9 | NS | 28.1 ± 2.8 | 26.8 ± 0.8 | NS | 19.9 ± 1.2 | 20.9 ± 0.8 | NS |
| Arms lean mass, kg | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 5.5 ± 0.3 | NS | 6.2 ± 0.9 | 6.4 ± 0.3 | NS | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | NS |
| Skeletal dimensions | |||||||||
| Leg length, cm | 91.9 ± 2.6 | 95.6 ± 1.4 | .015 (0.67 [L]) |
96.0 ± 3.9 | 98.4 ± 1.6 | NS | 89.3 ± 2.4 | 91.9 ± 1.6 | NS |
| Arm length, cm | 53.8 ± 1.5 | 56.1 ± 0.8 | .006 (0.74 [VL]) |
56.3 ± 1.9 | 57.7 ± 0.7 | NS | 52.2 ± 1.5 | 53.9 ± 1.0 | NS |
| Trunk length, cm | 46.6 ± 1.5 | 46.8 ± 0.8 | NS | 48.9 ± 2.4 | 48.0 ± 1.0 | NS | 45.1 ± 1.0 | 45.1 ± 0.8 | NS |
| Shoulder width, cm | 37.9 ± 1.3 | 39.1 ± 0.6 | NS | 40.7 ± 1.2 | 40.5 ± 0.6 | NS | 36.2 ± 1.0 | 37.3 ± 0.6 | NS |
| Leg/trunk ratio | 1.98 ± 0.03 | 2.05 ± 0.05 | .027 (0.60 [L]) |
1.97 ± 0.08 | 2.06 ± 0.05 | NS | 1.98 ± 0.06 | 2.04 ± 0.04 | NS |
a Data are presented as mean ± 95% CI. BF, body fat; BMI, body mass index; BSI, bone stress injury; ES, effect size; L, large effect size; NS, not significant; VL, very large effect size.
b Cohen d effect sizes: 0.0-0.09 = negligible; 0.10-0.29 = small; 0.3-0.49 = moderate; 0.5-0.69 = large; >0.7, very large.