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. 2021 Dec 23;9(5):2103693. doi: 10.1002/advs.202103693

Figure 7.

Figure 7

DNA‐ACP induced intramuscular ectopic calcification in vivo. a) Scheme of the surgical operation in the in vivo murine intramuscular ectopic calcification experiment. b) Photograph of intramuscular ectopic calcification samples at 3 weeks post implantation (bars: 1 mm). c) 3D reconstruction of micro‐CT scans of the ectopic calcification samples (bars: 0.5 mm). b[i],c[i]) There was no sign of collagen mineralization in the NaCl control. b[ii],c[ii]) The DNA‐ACP group showed evident ectopic calcification in the muscle tissue. d) CLSM images of the NaCl control group showed no calcium deposition (bar: 20 µm). Bright field: optical image taken from the same specimen (bar: 50 µm). e) CLSM images of intramuscular ectopic calcification induced by DNA‐ACP collagen scaffolds (bar: 20 µm). Bright field: optical image of the same specimen (bar: 50 µm). f) SEM (f[i],[ii]) and TEM (f[i′],[ii′]) images of the sample from the NaCl control group showing unmineralized collagen fibrils (bars: i and i′: 1 µm; ii and ii′: 200 nm). g) SEM (g[i],[ii]) and TEM (g[i′],[ii′]) images of ectopic calcification induced by the DNA‐ACP‐dipped collagen scaffold. Both SEM and TEM images showed heavily extra/intrafibrillar collagen mineralization (bars: i and i′: 1 µm; ii and ii′: 200 nm).