Radiation‐mediated ex‐srNP for smart drug delivery and synergistic cancer immunotherapy. A) Schematic illustration of gene silencing and cancer cells killing by X‐ray‐triggered liposome. This liposomal delivery platform incorporates VP and Au NP. Two types of cargos, antisense oligonucleotide, and DOX, are respectively entrapped inside a liposomal middle cavity to demonstrate in vitro drug delivery. B) Calcein release profiles from liposomes under 360 nm irradiation. C) Structural components of treated tumor (H&E staining). Viable tumor tissues are composed of uniform cells with basophiliccytoplasm (blue) and large roundish hyperchromatic nuclei. The areas of cellular paranecrosis and necrosis are recognized by disorganized groups of tumor cells with eosinophilic (pink) cytoplasm, with and without nuclei, respectively. Arrows indicate congested blood vessels. Note the spatial association between the viable tumor tissue and blood vessels. The scale bar is 50 µm. D) Changes in tumor volume. E) Mouse body weight after various treatments as indicated. The mean tumor volumes are analyzed using the t‐test (n = 4; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). Reproduced with permission.[
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