Table 1.
Serum Levels of 40 Lipids in Healthy Controls, AD Group, and non-AD with Atopic Comorbidities Group
| Healthy Controls (n = 47, A) Median (Q1–Q3) (nM) |
AD (n = 179, B) Median (Q1–Q3) (nM) |
Non-AD with Atopic Comorbidities (n = 22, C) Median (Q1–Q3) (nM) |
P-Value1 (A vs. B) |
P-Value1 (B vs.C) |
P-Value1 (A vs.C) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sph | 18.62 (15.73–22.54) | 21.83 (17.44–26.65) | 18.17 (14.21–21.33) | 0.016 | 0.025 | 0.58 |
| SM(12:0) | 1,576 (967.5–1,913) | 1,715 (1,264–2,405) | 1,379 (882.8–1990) | 0.038 | 0.065 | 0.74 |
| SM(14:0) | 38,238 (28,345–44,903) | 34,913 (25,884–43,846) | 29,018 (20,482–36,636) | 0.57 | 0.059 | 0.029 |
| SM(16:0) | 51,429 (45,351–56,906) | 49,451 (42,758–57,178) | 41,448 (33,619–47,383) | 0.49 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| SM(18:1) | 3,571 (3,132–3,969) | 3663 (3,039–4,544) | 3,141 (2,402–4,152) | 0.39 | 0.037 | 0.18 |
| SM(18:0) | 6,405 (5,512–7,631) | 6,066 (5,160–7,216) | 5,464 (3,974–6,749) | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.054 |
| SM(20:0) | 11,209 (8,846–12,773) | 11,498 (9,545–14,037) | 8,616 (6,666–10,829) | 0.39 | 0.002 | 0.020 |
| SM(22:0) | 8,810 (6,779–11,553) | 9,131 (7,192–11,307) | 8,992 (6,860–10,471) | 0.93 | 0.62 | 0.75 |
| SM(24:1) | 18,905 (15,611–22,571) | 20,433 (17,026–26,503) | 17,209 (13,022–20,766) | 0.038 | 0.008 | 0.15 |
| SM(24:0) | 4,199 (2,978–6,106) | 4,367 (3,182–6,376) | 4,858 (3,533–6,345) | 0.91 | 0.66 | 0.77 |
| PC(28:0) | 1,446 (913.6–1,779) | 1,579 (1,076–2,425) | 1,229 (799.7–1,889) | 0.26 | 0.087 | 0.49 |
| PC(30:0) | 2,240 (1,805–2,613) | 2,440 (1928–2,948) | 2,082 (1,525–2,746) | 0.061 | 0.090 | 0.72 |
| PC(30:1) | 1,345 (917.6–1,832) | 1,568 (1,105–2,219) | 1,037 (822.8–1,694) | 0.065 | 0.033 | 0.43 |
| PC(32:0) | 3,012 (2,753–3,197) | 3,068 (2,690–3,460) | 3,008 (2,491–3,502) | 0.62 | 0.55 | 0.81 |
| PC(32:1) | 4,079 (2,881–5,294) | 5,447 (4,192–8,760) | 4,460 (2,664–5,656) | <0.001 | 0.017 | 0.95 |
| PC(34:1) | 60,114 (52,020–68,063) | 72,821 (61,644–82,759) | 56,169 (42,461–71,825) | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.58 |
| PC(34:2) | 109,599 (100,154–124,717) | 130,849 (111,398–153,846) | 110,896 (92,448–139,205) | <0.001 | 0.032 | 0.86 |
| PC(36:0) | 1,440 (1,228–1,696) | 1,801 (1,369–2,227) | 1,265 (851.5–1,761) | 0.002 | 0.006 | 0.23 |
| PC(36:1) | 5,669 (5,068–6,133) | 5,913 (5,114–7,034) | 4,894 (3,894–6,237) | 0.079 | 0.030 | 0.19 |
| PC(36:2) | 3,071 (2,750–3,583) | 3,630 (3,096–4,444) | 2,965 (2,378–3,861) | <0.001 | 0.026 | 0.77 |
| PC(36:4) | 56,379 (48,538–66,667) | 70,488 (58,537–84,896) | 60,260 (44,664–73,690) | <0.001 | 0.020 | 0.60 |
| PC(38:1) | 2,522 (1,701–3,318) | 2,296 (1,718–3,126) | 2,897 (2,129–3,627) | 0.66 | 0.11 | 0.33 |
| PC(38:2) | 10,343 (9,459–12,178) | 11,679 (10,253–13,884) | 10,517 (8,308–13,209) | 0.009 | 0.091 | 0.94 |
| PC(38:3) | 6,768 (6,345–8,018) | 8,205 (6,609–9,735) | 6,326 (4,701–7,685) | 0.011 | 0.002 | 0.097 |
| PC(38:4) | 22,953 (19,117–27,907) | 29,309 (23,333–35,094) | 23,072 (18,434–30,083) | <0.001 | 0.032 | 0.90 |
| LPC(16:0) | 13,321 (11,626–14,357) | 13,235 (11,709–15,293) | 12,077 (10,216–13,272) | 0.53 | 0.032 | 0.091 |
| LPC(16:1) | 473 (379.5–574.3) | 488.1 (381.5–620.1) | 477.5 (283.5–531.1) | 0.52 | 0.23 | 0.60 |
| LPC(18:0) | 7,324 (5,905–8,171) | 6,881 (5,190–8,074) | 5,458 (3,960–6,969) | 0.37 | 0.087 | 0.033 |
| LPC(18:1) | 4,349 (3,455–4,921) | 3,965 (3,280–4,979) | 3,704 (2,656–4,417) | 0.49 | 0.27 | 0.12 |
| LPC(18:2) | 6667 (5637–7,658) | 5,767 (4,447–7,195) | 5,810 (4,851–7,643) | 0.011 | 0.91 | 0.14 |
| LPC(20:1) | 75 (61.98–91.64) | 81.96 (61.68–97.21) | 75.51 (53.76–106.5) | 0.39 | 0.81 | 0.91 |
| LPC(20:3) | 514.9 (400.2–596.3) | 482.1 (374.1–572.2) | 448.1 (353.2–612.4) | 0.16 | 0.84 | 0.39 |
| LPC(20:4) | 1,386 (1,068–1,589) | 1209 (975.4–1,473) | 1,439 (802.1–1,673) | 0.079 | 0.57 | 0.84 |
| LPE(16:0) | 111.9 (96.21–135.4) | 109.6 (88.05–133.5) | 88.92 (60.88–106.9) | 0.52 | 0.017 | 0.009 |
| LPE(18:0) | 46.48 (37.24–60.32) | 39.04 (28.18–50.4) | 30.7 (21.53–43.37) | 0.011 | 0.10 | 0.006 |
| LPE(18:1) | 143.7 (89.15–171.7) | 123.3 (90.59–154.1) | 109.8 (80.64–143.1) | 0.27 | 0.43 | 0.17 |
| LPE(18:2) | 256.8 (206.5–329.5) | 209.5 (157.8–281.2) | 189.4 (145.3–246.7) | 0.010 | 0.59 | 0.048 |
| LPE(20:4) | 136.7 (106.6–168.9) | 113.5 (88.27–144.2) | 104.5 (87.9–141) | 0.009 | 0.55 | 0.014 |
| Lyso-PAF | 16.54 (13.97–21.46) | 16.82 (12.5–21.39) | 13.91 (10.41–17.07) | 0.49 | 0.079 | 0.033 |
| Cer(16:0) | 302.5 (250.4–348) | 161.9 (104–220.8) | 237.7 (202.7–277.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 |
Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; Cer, ceramide; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine; PAF, platelet-activating factor; PC, phosphatidylcholine; SM, sphingomyelin; Sph, sphingosine.
1
Significances were calculated by the Kruskal‒Wallis test followed by pairwise comparisons with Mann‒Whitney U test. The P-values were adjusted using Benjamini‒Hochberg procedure.