Figure 3.

NR and VWR protects additively against Western diet-induced weight gain

(A) Weekly measures of bodyweight during the intervention.

(B) Total change in bodyweight over the four weeks of treatments.

(C) Weekly energy intake.

(D) Total energy intake over the 4 weeks of treatment.

(E) Weekly running distance for groups with access to voluntary wheel running.

(F) Average running speed during each week for groups with access to voluntary wheel running.

All data are presented as mean with overlain data points, except A, which is presented as mean + SD for visual clarity. Three-way repeated-measures ANOVA was performed for (A), and interactions with time were explored by assessing contrasts between time points. Two-way ANOVA was performed for (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F). Statistical significance was indicated in the following manner: Effects of intravenous NR: p < 0.05 = †, p < 0.01 = ††, p < 0.001 = †††. Effects of VWR: p < 0.001 = §§§. Interactions as well as additional effects are written out in the figures and noted with: p < 0.05 = ∗, p < 0.001 = ∗∗∗. In cases without statistical interactions, the above symbols indicate main effects, while in cases with statistical interactions, the symbols indicate simple effects compared to the appropriate control group. See also Figure S2.