VWR, but not NR, protects against a Western diet-induced increase in fasting insulin
(A) 2 h fasting blood glucose levels before and after four weeks of treatments.
(B) 2 h fasting insulin levels before and after four weeks of treatments.
(C). Homeostatic model-assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) before and after four weeks of treatment, as calculated based on fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels.
(D) Glucose uptake rate in Krebs-Ringer incubated soleus muscle with and without insulin.
(E) Glucose uptake rate in Krebs-Ringer incubated EDL muscle with and without insulin.
All data are presented as mean with overlain data points. Three-way repeated-measures ANOVA was performed for all figures. Statistical significance of interactions as well as additional effects are written out in the figures and noted with: p < 0.05 = ∗, p < 0.01 = ∗∗, p < 0.001 = ∗∗∗. See also Figure S3.