Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Schematic illustration of therapeutic process for fracture healing by using exosomal PD-L1. The Exos with high concentration of PD-L1 is slowly released from the HA/Gel hydrogel, binds to PD-1 on the T cell membrane at fracture site and triggers the immune checkpoint mechanism, and thereby suppressing over-active inflammation and promoting fracture healing.
