Table 1.
Patient characteristics by outcome
| Characteristic | Statistic/level | Adverse outcome | No adverse outcome | Total |
| N | 1330 (17.6%)* | 6220 (82.4%)* | 7549 | |
| Age (years)* | Mean (SD) | 74.5 (15.4) | 56.9 (19.4) | 60 (20) |
| Median (IQR) | 78 (65–86) | 56 (42–73) | 59 (45–77) | |
| Range | 19–103 | 16–105 | 16–105 | |
| Sex* | Male | 760 (57.3%) | 2825 (45.4%) | 3590 (47.5%) |
| Female | 570 (42.7%) | 3390 (54.6%) | 3960 (52.5%) | |
| No of current medications* | N | 1330 | 6220 | 7549 |
| Mean (SD) | 4.5 (3.3) | 3.2 (3.3) | 3.4 (3.3) | |
| Median (IQR) | 4 (2–7) | 2 (0–5) | 3 (0–6) | |
| Range | 0–19 | 0–19 | 0–19 | |
| Comorbidities* | Cardiovascular disease | 95 (7%) | 290 (4.6%) | 380 (5.1%) |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 375 (28%) | 1855 (29.8%) | 2230 (29.5%) | |
| Diabetes | 390 (29.2%) | 995 (16%) | 1380 (18.3%) | |
| Hypertension | 610 (45.8%) | 1765 (28.4%) | 2375 (31.4%) | |
| Immunosuppression | 280 (21.1%) | 930 (15%) | 1215 (16.1%) | |
| Active malignancy | 60 (4.6%) | 115 (1.9%) | 180 (2.3%) | |
| Renal impairment | 55 (4.1%) | 125 (2%) | 180 (2.4%) | |
| Stroke | 30 (2.3%) | 85 (1.4%) | 115 (1.5%) | |
| Clinical frailty* | Not Applicable (age <65 years) | 330 (47.5%) | 3985 (86.4%) | 4310 (81.3%) |
| Missing | 645 | 1605 | 2250 | |
| 1–3 | 20 (4.7%) | 40 (6.4%) | 60 (5.8%) | |
| 4–6 | 75 (20.5%) | 240 (37.7%) | 310 (31.4%) | |
| 7–9 | 270 (74.8%) | 350 (55.9%) | 620 (62.8%) | |
| AVPU** | Missing† | 13 | 58 | 71 |
| Alert | 1002 (76%) | 5860 (95.1%) | 6862 (91.8%) | |
| Confusion | 125 (9.5%) | 188 (3.1%) | 313 (4.2%) | |
| Voice | 100 (7.6%) | 84 (1.4%) | 184 (2.5%) | |
| Pain | 64 (4.9%) | 21 (0.3%) | 85 (1.1%) | |
| Unresponsive | 27 (2%) | 7 (0.1%) | 34 (0.5%) | |
| GCS | N | 1297 | 6085 | 7382 |
| Mean (SD) | 13.7 (2.4) | 14.8 (0.8) | 14.6 (1.3) | |
| Median (IQR) | 15 (14–15) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | |
| Range | 3–15 | 3–15 | 3–15 | |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | N | 1278 | 6029 | 7307 |
| Mean (SD) | 76.7 (17.7) | 84.5 (15.9) | 83.1 (16.5) | |
| Median (IQR) | 76 (65–87) | 84 (74–94) | 83 (72–93) | |
| Range | 0–193 | 22–167 | 0–193 | |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | N | 1277 | 6032 | 7309 |
| Mean (SD) | 133.2 (25.8) | 140.2 (23.2) | 139 (23.9) | |
| Median (IQR) | 132 (116–148) | 139 (124–153) | 138 (123–152) | |
| Range | 65–238 | 33–237 | 33–238 | |
| Pulse rate (beats/min) | N | 1303 | 6130 | 7433 |
| Mean (SD) | 100.2 (22.5) | 96 (19.5) | 96.7 (20.1) | |
| Median (IQR) | 99 (84–115) | 94 (82–109) | 95 (82–110) | |
| Range | 38–194 | 7–190 | 7–194 | |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | N | 1315 | 6145 | 7460 |
| Mean (SD) | 30.1 (10) | 23.1 (6.9) | 24.4 (8) | |
| Median (IQR) | 28 (22–36) | 20 (18–26) | 22 (18–28) | |
| Range | 0–76 | 0–84 | 0–84 | |
| Oxygen saturation | Missing | 36 | 109 | 145 |
| >95% on air | 142 (11%) | 3532 (57.8%) | 3674 (49.6%) | |
| 94%–95% on air | 134 (10.3%) | 854 (14%) | 988 (13.3%) | |
| 92%–93% on air | 109 (8.4%) | 449 (7.3%) | 558 (7.5%) | |
| <92% on air or O2 given | 910 (70.3%) | 1274 (20.9%) | 2184 (29.5%) | |
| Blood glucose (mmol/L) | N | 982 | 4021 | 5003 |
| Mean (SD) | 8.1 (4) | 6.9 (3.2) | 7.2 (3.4) | |
| Median (IQR) | 6.8 (5.6–9) | 6 (5.2–7.3) | 6.2 (5.2–7.7) | |
| Range | 0.9–35 | 1.1–33.8 | 0.9–35 | |
| Temperature (°C) | N | 1301 | 6115 | 7416 |
| Mean (SD) | 38.1 (1.2) | 37.8 (1.1) | 37.8 (1.1) | |
| Median (IQR) | 38.2 (37.4–38.9) | 37.7 (37–38.5) | 37.8 (37–38.6) | |
| Range | 32–42 | 34–41.7 | 32–42 |
*To comply with NHS Digital disclosure guidance, totals for these variables are rounded to the nearest 5 which may result in apparent disparities in the overall totals.
†** Alert, Voice, Pain,