Table 2. Linear Mixed-Effect Model Parameter Estimates for Antiseizure Medication Dose-Normalized Concentrations in the Cohort of Pregnant Women and Control Participants Using Data From Pregnancy Visits.
| Antiseizure medication | Intercepts, μg/L/mg | Slopes, 1/wk | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β0: Common baselinea | β2: Additional baseline for pregnantb | Estrogen-based hormonal medication | β1: Common slopec | β3: Additional slope for pregnantd | ||||||
| Estimate (SE) | P value | Estimate (SE) | P value | Estimate (SE) | P value | Estimate (SE) | P value | Estimate (SE) | P value | |
| Carbamazepine | 13.32 (2.46) | <.001 | −3.17 (2.67) | .25 | NA | NA | 0.09 (0.05) | .11 | −0.14 (0.06) | .02 |
| Carbamazepine- 10,11-epoxide | 1.73 (0.38) | <.001 | 0.042 (0.42) | .92 | NA | NA | 0.01 (0.01) | .19 | 0.02 (0.01) | .82 |
| Carbamazepine unbound | 2.98 (0.63) | <.001 | −1.76 (0.72) | .02 | NA | NA | 0.03 (0.01) | .02 | −0.04 (0.01) | .01 |
| Lacosamide | 23.49 (1.76) | <.001 | 1.22 (2.39) | .62 | NA | NA | −0.05 (0.05) | .30 | −0.23 (0.07) | <.001 |
| Lamotrigine | 15.04 (0.92) | <.001 | −1.14 (1.03) | .27 | −2.57 (1.15) | .03 | 0.01 (0.02) | .81 | −0.20 (0.02) | <.001 |
| Levetiracetam | 12.51 (0.59) | <.001 | −2.37 (0.69) | <.001 | 0.23 (1.45) | .32 | −0.01 (0.02) | .68 | −0.06 (0.03) | .01 |
| Oxcarbazepine | 14.12 (1.80) | <.001 | −1.97 (2.15) | .37 | NA | NA | 0.01 (0.04) | .74 | −0.14 (0.04) | <.001 |
| Oxcarbazepine unbound | 6.60 (1.44) | <.001 | 0.44 (1.71) | .80 | NA | NA | 0.04 (0.03) | .18 | −0.11 (0.03) | <.001 |
| Topiramate | 28.42 (4.37) | <.001 | −1.51 (5.39) | .78 | NA | NA | 0.07 (0.16) | .65 | −0.35 (0.20) | .09 |
| Zonisamide | 46.31 (5.15) | <.001 | −4.69 (6.22) | .46 | NA | NA | 0.09 (0.11) | .42 | −0.53 (0.14) | <.001 |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
a
Dose-normalized concentration estimate during the nonpregnant state in both the cohort of pregnant women and control participants.
b
A significant P value for β2 indicates that the cohort of pregnant women has differences in dose-normalized concentration estimates during the nonpregnant state compared with the cohort of control participants.
c
Change in dose-normalized concentrations with respect to time in both the cohort of pregnant women and the control participants.
d
A significant P value for β3 indicates that the cohort of pregnant women has a significant change in dose-normalized concentrations during pregnancy compared with the cohort of control participants.