Table 4.
Proportion of patients on antibiotics and types of antibiotics prescriptions
| Antibiotics | n (%) |
| Proportion of patients on antibiotics per surveyed wards, n=1162 | |
| Adult surgical ward | 219 (66.4) |
| Adult medical ward | 199 (58.5) |
| Obstetrics and gynaecology | 157 (50.8) |
| Neonatal intensive care unit | 140 (76.1) |
| Paediatric medical ward | 112 (76.7) |
| Adult emergency ward | 97 (53.6) |
| Paediatric emergency ward | 94 (78.3) |
| Adult intensive care unit | 49 (86) |
| Paediatric surgical ward | 41 (73.2) |
| Paediatric high risk wards | 32 (76.2) |
| Adult high risk ward | 13 (31) |
| Paediatric intensive care unit | 9 (69.2) |
| Types of antibiotics prescribed for therapeutic use, n=2059 | |
| Ceftriaxone | 626 (30.4) |
| Metronidazole | 317 (15.4) |
| Ampicillin | 249 (12.1) |
| Vancomycin | 217 (10.5) |
| Gentamycin | 178 (8.6) |
| Ceftazidime | 116 (5.6) |
| Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole | 72 (3.5) |
| Cloxacillin | 49 (2.4) |
| Ciprofloxacin | 42 (2.0) |
| Cefepime | 40 (1.9) |
| Meropenam | 39 (1.9) |
| Azithromycin | 25 (1.2) |
| Others* | 89 (4.3) |
| Type of antibiotics prescribed for surgical prophylaxis, n=287 | |
| Ceftriaxone | 157 (54.7) |
| Metronidazole | 64 (22.3) |
| Ampicillin | 55 (19.2) |
| Cephalexin | 4 (1.4) |
| Amoxicillin | 3 (1.0) |
| Others† | 4 (1.4) |
| Dosage for surgical prophylaxis, n=218 patients | |
| Single dose | 7 (3.2) |
| Multiple doses over 24 hours only | 31 (14.2) |
| Multiple doses for more than 24 hours | 180 (82.6) |
| Ratio of antibiotics per surgical procedure (number of antibiotics used for surgery/total number of patients who were on SP)=1.32 | |
*Amoxacillin=20; Cefotaxime=13; Amoxacillin-clavulanic acid=12; Cephalexin=9; Crystalline-penicillin=6; Erythromycin=6; Norfloxacin=5; Benzanthine penicillin=4; Clindamycin=4; Doxycycline=3; Chloramphenicol=2; Clarithromycin=1; Nitrofurantoin=1; Cefixime=1; Ampicillin-sulbactam=1.
†Amoxicillin-clavulanate, Ciprofloxacin, Cloxacillin and Gentamycin.
‡SP: Surgical prophylaxis