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. 2022 Feb 15;13:71. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02746-x

Table 1.

Risk factors in pulmonary fibrosis

External risk factors Internal risk factors Co-morbidities
Cigarette smoking Genetics Gastroesophageal reflux
Environmental pollutants Aging Obstructive sleep apnea
Air pollution Sex Diabetes mellitus
Drugs Lung microbiome Virus infection
Certain occupations Chronic aspiration
Cancer treatments (radiation treatments)