TABLE 2.

Associations of PUFAs concentrations with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity¹

	COVID-19 severity						COVID-19 susceptibility
	Hospitalized vs. Non-hospitalized (n = 3,873)			Hospitalized vs. Test negative (n = 19,263)			Test positive vs. Test negative (n = 22,166)2			Test positive vs. Test negative (n = 24,727)3
Plasma PUFA measures	β	SE	P	β	SE	P	β	SE	P	β	SE	P
PUFAs	−0.139	0.043	0.0012	−0.127	0.037	0.0005	−0.029	0.019	0.1285	−0.027	0.018	0.1337
Omega-3 PUFAs	−0.140	0.044	0.0013	−0.197	0.040	8.1×10−7	−0.083	0.020	4.3×10−5	−0.082	0.019	2.3×10−5
DHA	−0.176	0.045	8.9×10−5	−0.247	0.042	4.6×10−9	−0.098	0.021	3.0×10−6	−0.097	0.020	1.4×10−6
Omega-6 PUFAs	−0.121	0.043	0.0047	−0.090	0.036	0.0121	−0.010	0.019	0.6183	−0.008	0.018	0.6656
LA	−0.113	0.043	0.0079	−0.082	0.036	0.0228	−0.007	0.019	0.7289	−0.006	0.018	0.7299
Omega-6/omega-3	0.114	0.042	0.0061	0.124	0.029	1.5×10−5	0.053	0.018	0.0030	0.058	0.017	0.0005

¹Effect sizes (β) per SD increase in the exposure, SEs, and P values were obtained from the logistic regression analysis of COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. All models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, BMI, Townsend deprivation index, and assessment center. PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; LA linoleic acid.

²Data from England only.

³Data from England, Scotland, and Wales.