TABLE 1.
Phytoconstituents from S. jambos.
| Class of compounds | Compound names | Plant organs | Characterization methods | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonoids | Quercetin | Fruit, whole plant, leaves | HPLC, ESI-MS, EIMS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR | Slowing et al., (1994), Reynertson et al., (2008), Bonfanti et al., (2013), Hossain et al., (2016) |
| Quercitrin | Fruit | Reynertson et al. (2008) | ||
| Rutin | Whole plant | Ghareeb et al. (2017) | ||
| 5,4′-dihydroxy, 7-methoxy, 6-methyl-flavone | ||||
| Isoetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside | ||||
| Myricetin 3-O-beta-d-xylopyranosyl (1->2) alpha-l-rhamnopyranosides | Leaves | Slowing et al. (1994) | ||
| Kaempferol | Bonfanti et al. (2013) | |||
| Quercetin 3-O-xylosyl-(1→2) rhamnoside | Whole plant | Nawwar et al. (2016) | ||
| Quercetin 3-O-xylosyl- (1→2) xyloside | ||||
| Quercetin 3-O-glucuronide | ||||
| Myricetin 3-O-glucoside | ||||
| Myricetin 7-methylether 3-O-xylosyl (1→2)rhamnoside | ||||
| Myricetin 3′,5′-dimethyl ether 3-O-xylosyl (1→2)rhamnoside | ||||
| Myrigalone B | Leaves | Jayasinghe et al. (2007) | ||
| Phloretin 4 -O-methyl | ||||
| Myrigalone G | ||||
| Triterpenoids | Oleanolic acid | Leaves | Li et al. (2015) | |
| Betulinic acid | ||||
| Friedelin | Kuiate et al., (2007); Haque, (2015) | |||
| 3-nor-2,3-Secofriedelan | Stem bark, leaves | Haque, (2015) | ||
| Β-Sitosterol | Stem bark | Lin et al., (2014); Haque, (2015) | ||
| Β-Amyrin acetate | Kuiate et al. (2007) | |||
| Lupeol | ||||
| Ursolic acid | Lin et al. (2014) | |||
| 3-Acetyl-ursolic acid | ||||
| Asiatic acid | ||||
| Arjunolic acid | ||||
| Morolic acid 3-o-caffeate | Ghareeb et al. (2017) | |||
| Phloroglucinol | Jambone A | Leaves | Li et al. (2015) | |
| Jambone B | ||||
| Jambone C | ||||
| Jambone D | ||||
| Jambone E | ||||
| Jambone F | ||||
| Jambone G | ||||
| Ellagic acid and ellagitannins | Tellimagrandin | Leaves | Slowing et al. (1994) | |
| Limagrandin I | ||||
| Strictinin | ||||
| Casuarictin | Yang et al. (2000) | |||
| 2,3-hexahydroxydiphenoylglucose stachyurin | Slowing et al. (1994) | |||
| Casuariin | Stem bark, leaves | |||
| 3,3′,4′-tri-O-methylellagic acid | Leaves | Chakravarty et al. (1998) | ||
| 3,3′,4′-tri-O-methylellagic acid-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside | ||||
| 1-O-galloylcastalagin | Yang et al. (2000) | |||
| Castalagin | Stem bark, leaves | Sobeh et al., (2018); Mahmoud et al., (2021) | ||
| Vescalagin | ||||
| Phyllanthusiin G | Stem bark | Mahmoud et al. (2021) | ||
| Ellagic acid pentoside | ||||
| Ellagic acid | ||||
| Methyl ellagic acid sulfate | ||||
| Phenolic acid | Gallic acid | Leaves, fruit | HPLC-PDA-MS/MS and GC-MS | Bonfanti et al., (2013), Nawwar et al., (2016) |
| Cinnamic acid | Ghareeb et al. (2017) | |||
| 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid | ||||
| Prenylbenzoic acid 4-β-d-glucoside | ||||
| 4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenol-β-d-[6- O-(4″-hydroxy-3″,5″-dimethoxylbenzoate)] glucopyranoside | ||||
| Caffeic acid | Leaves | Bonfanti et al. (2013) | ||
| Chlorogenic acid | ||||
| Rosmarinic acid rhamnoside | Sobeh et al. (2018) | |||
| Organic acids | Citric acid | Leaves | GC-MS | |
| Malic acid | ||||
| Volatile compounds | Phenylacetic acid | Khalaf et al. (2021) | ||
| Hexanal | Musthafa et al., (2017); Reis et al., (2021) | |||
| Geraniol | ||||
| Citronellol | ||||
| Hotrienol | ||||
| (E)-cinnamyl alcohol | ||||
| Β-phenylethyl alcohol | ||||
| (E)-2-methyl-2-buten-1-ol | ||||
| Linalool | ||||
| (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol | ||||
| 3-phenylpropanol | ||||
| (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol | ||||
| Β-caryoplyllane | ||||
| Α-humulene | ||||
| Β-bisabolene | ||||
| (e,e)-α-farnesene | ||||
| Caryophyllenyl alcohol | ||||
| Caryolan-8-ol | ||||
| N-heneicosane | ||||
| Viridiflorol | ||||
| Ledol | ||||
| Humulene epoxide ii 1 | ||||
| Epi-cedrol 2 | ||||
| Epi-α-muurolol | ||||
| Trans-(ipp vc oh) sesquisabinene hydrate | ||||
| 4,8-α-Epoxy-caryoplyllane | ||||
| Trans-caryophyllene | ||||
| Σ-Cadinene | ||||
| Τ-Muurolol | ||||
| Neophytadiene | ||||
| 2-propen-1-one, 1-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-, (e)- | ||||
| 4h-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-2-phenyl-, (s)- | Musthafa et al. (2017) | |||
| 1h-Benzoimidazole, 5-ethoxy-2-phenethylsulfanyl | ||||
| 2,3-Dihydro-2,4-diphenyl-1h-1,5-benzodiazepine | ||||
| α -Tocopherol | ||||
| [3-Deuterium)- α -tocopheryl methyl ether | Guedes et al. (2004) | |||
| Fatty acid | Lauric acid | |||
| Caproic acid | ||||
| Hentriacontane | ||||
| 3-Pentadecylphenol (3-n-pentadecylphenol) | ||||
| (e, e)-1,4,4-trimethyl-8-methylene-1,5-cycloundecadiene | ||||
| Methyl (z)-5,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoate | ||||
| 4h-1-benzopyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-(S) | Musthafa et al. (2017) | |||
| 3.7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol | ||||
| Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester | ||||
| Hexadecanoic acid | ||||
| Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester | ||||
| 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester | ||||
| 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (z,z,z)- | ||||
| 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (z,z)- | ||||
| 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid, (z,z,z)- | ||||
| Ethyl linoleate | ||||
| Octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester | ||||
| Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester | ||||
| 2,6,10,14,18,22-Tetracosahexaene, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl |