Figure 5.

The multifunctional roles of the plant vacuole. A, There are various trafficking routes toward the vacuole, including pathways from the PVC, TGN, Golgi, ER, and autophagosomes. The vacuole carries out numerous indispensable functions as indicated. B, Confocal-based 3D reconstruction of the cell (in purple, based on CW staining with propidium iodide) and the vacuole (in green, based on BCECF-AM staining) visualizes the vacuolar occupancy of meristematic (left) and elongating cells (right). Scale bars: 6 µm.