. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 15.

Published in final edited form as: Soc Indic Res. 2021 Jun 12;158(3):947–990. doi: 10.1007/s11205-021-02712-9

Table 13.

Regression results on mechanisms of change

Outcome	Educational aspiration at year 2 (Ref. dropped out before secondary school)				Self-efficacy at year 2 (standardized)	Self-concept at year 2 (standardized)	Social support at year 2 (standardized)	Family relationship at year 2 (standardized)
Outcome	Some secondary education until S4	Complete S6 or attend technical college	Complete a university degree	Pursue graduate studies	Self-efficacy at year 2 (standardized)	Self-concept at year 2 (standardized)	Social support at year 2 (standardized)	Family relationship at year 2 (standardized)
Model	Multinomial logit				OLS	OLS	OLS	OLS
Bridges	−0.016(0.300)	0.303 (0.296)	0.033 (0.303)	0.304 (0.357)	0.203⁺ (0.120)	0.232^* (0.093)	0.200^* (0.088)	0.222^** (0.081)
Bridges PLUS	−0.154 (0.273)	0.059 (0.291)	−0.002 (0.303)	−0.032 (0.348)	0.114 (0.121)	0.178⁺ (0.097)	0.068 (0.091)	0.193^* (0.086)
Constant	−0.693^** (0.227)	−0.288⁺ (0.155)	0.314⁺ (0.189)	0.022 (0.213)	−0.100 (0.112)	−0.131^* (0.063)	−0.081 (0.063)	−0.134^* (0.062)
N	1221				1211	1219	1219	1220
Bridges = BridgesPlus (p-value)	−				0.156	0.594	0.149	0.707
Bridges = BridgesPlus = 0 (p-value)	0.586				0.149	0.039	0.079	0.022

School-level cluster robust standard errors in parentheses

⁺

p < 0.10;

p < 0.05;

^**

p < 0.01;

^***

p < 0.001

Self-efficacy is measured by the 29-item Youth Self-Efficacy Survey (Earls & Visher, 1997). Self-concept is measured by the 20-item Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (Fitts & Warren, 1996). Social support is measured by the 24-item Social Support Scale for Children (Harter, 1985). Family relationship is adapted from the acceptance/involvement subscale (9-item) and psychological autonomy-granting subscale (9-item) of the Parenting Styles Index (Steinberg et al., 1992, 1994)