Longitudinal analysis of biomarkers associated with ARDS. PaO2/FiO2 (A and E), lactate levels (B and F), base excess (C and G), and PaCO2 (D and H) were determined using arterial blood samples taken every 2 h for the first 24 h and every 4 h thereafter until survivors were euthanized at 36 hpi (study 1) (A to D) or 60 h (study 2) (E to H). Additional parameters, including electrolyte and glucose levels, are shown in Fig. S3 in the supplemental material.