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. 2022 Feb 1;13:820939. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.820939

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, Zou, Xu, Huang, Zhang, Wei, Li, Liu, Zou, Liu, Zhu, Yi, Guan and Yin

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of CSF on the serum metabolome. (A) The PCA plot of metabolites generated by using the metabolite intensity from the NS (n = 9), CSF (n = 9), NS+HFD (n = 9), and CSF+HFD (n = 9) groups. (B) Volcano plots of metabolites with FDR < 0.05 and fold changes of > 4/3 or < 3/4 when comparing NS vs CSF, or comparing NS+HFD vs CSF+HFD. (C) Enrichment of activated pathways induced by alterations of metabolites in NS, CSF, NS+HFD and CSF+HFD groups. (D–S) The abundance of metabolite pathways from the NS, CSF, NS+HFD and CSF+HFD groups. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Group differences were assessed by using the Mann‐Whitney U test. ^*P < 0.05 when comparing NS vs CSF, or NS+HFD vs CSF+HFD, ^#P < 0.05 when comparing NS vs NS+HFD.