Table 4.

Within-airport odds ratios and confidence intervals [ORs (95% CIs)] for block group exposure to three different day–night average sound level (DNL) thresholds (i.e., three different models) for a 10% increase in percentage of block group with characteristic using multivariable hybrid mixed-effect logistic model with random intercept by airport.

Variables	Models
	DNL 45 dB(A) ($n=86$ airports; 74,170 block groups; 21,296 exposed)	DNL 55 dB(A) ($n=61$ airports; 34,283 block groups; 3,476 exposed)	DNL 65 dB(A) ($n=15$ airports; 4,031 block groups; 158 exposed)
Race/ethnicity (%)
Non-Hispanic black	1.04 (1.03, 1.05)	0.98 (0.97, 1.00)	0.96 (0.89, 1.04)
Non-Hispanic Asian	1.11 (1.09, 1.12)	1.04 (1.00, 1.07)	0.44 (0.30, 0.66)
Hispanic	1.13 (1.11, 1.14)	1.05 (1.02, 1.07)	1.09 (0.96, 1.23)
Non-Hispanic other	1.09 (1.05, 1.14)	1.03 (0.95, 1.12)	0.82 (0.54, 1.25)
Non-Hispanic white	Ref	Ref	Ref
Education (%)
$<\text{High school}$ diploma or GED	1.02 (1.00, 1.04)	1.08 (1.04, 1.13)	1.08 (0.89, 1.30)
High school diploma or GED	1.07 (1.05, 1.09)	1.21 (1.17, 1.26)	1.11 (0.93, 1.32)
$>\text{High school}$ diploma or GED	Ref	Ref	Ref
Household income (%)
$<\$\mathrm{25,000}$	1.02 (1.00, 1.03)	0.96 (0.93, 0.99)	0.99 (0.84, 1.15)
$\$\mathrm{25,000}$ to $<\$\mathrm{50,000}$	1.06 (1.04, 1.08)	1.01 (0.98, 1.05)	1.10 (0.92, 1.31)
$\$\mathrm{50,000}$ to $<\$\mathrm{75,000}$	1.06 (1.04, 1.08)	1.02 (0.98, 1.07)	1.17 (0.95, 1.43)
$\ge \$\mathrm{75,000}$	Ref	Ref	Ref

Note: Models were adjusted for variables on race/ethnicity, education, household income, and airport. GED, General Education Development; Ref, reference.