Table 1.

Characteristics of Research Studies Included in the Final Study

Author/Year	Domain	Sample Size	Age	Race/Ethnicity	Geographic Location	SES Status	Major Findings
Holloway 2012 [1]	Cognitive and Psychological	223	11 to 13	Black and Latinx	Urban	Low SES	Higher scores in self-evaluative and social expectancies decreased odds of engaging in sexual possibility situations. Higher scores on self-evaluative expectancy decreased odds of kissing. Self-evaluative and social expectancies decreased odds of sexual touching.
Bersamin 2006 [2]	Cognitive and Psychological	1,105	12 to 16	Non-White and White	Urban	Low SES	Adolescents who reported having had oral sex reported fewer negative social expectancies than adolescents who had not had oral sex. Adolescents who reported higher levels of negative social expectancies and negative physical expectancies were less likely to report having had oral sex. Negative physical expectancies were negatively associated with vaginal intercourse.
Boudreau 2011 [3]	Cognitive and Psychological	1,105	10 to 17	Asian American, Latinx, Black, White	Urban	Low SES	Four correlated factors capture the structure of expectancy items: social risk, social benefit, health risk, and pleasure expectancies. Only social risk expectancies were significant in predicting subsequent sexual behavior
DiIorio 2001 [4]	Cognitive and Psychological	405	13 to 15	Black and White	Urban	Low SES	Self-efficacy to resist sex and social outcome expectancies were not significantly associated with abstaining from sex. For those who were sexually active, self-efficacy to put on a condom, self-efficacy to refuse sex, and social outcome expectancies were significantly associated with consistent condom use. Self-efficacy to discuss sexual history, self-evaluative expectancies, and physical expectancies were not associated with consistent condom use.
Mathews 2008 [5]	Cognitive and Psychosocial	1,440	Grade 8	South African	Urban	Low SES	The strongest predictor of sexual intentions was social outcome expectancies. Transitioning to sex decreased with increase self-efficacy related to negotiating delaying sex. Adolescence with more knowledge were less likely to make the transition to first sexual intercourse.
Guliamo-Ramos 2007 [6]	Cognitive and Psychological	668	Grades 6, 7, and 8	Dominican, Puerto Rican, Black	Urban	Low SES	Self-evaluative and social expectancies were significantly more strongly associated with intentions to have sex for boys as opposed to girls. Social expectancies were more strongly associated with intentions to have sex for boys when compared to girls.
Santelli 2004 [7]	Cognitive and Psychological	1,637	Grades 7 and 8	Black, Hispanic, White, and Asian	Urban	Low SES	Adolescents scoring high on self-efficacy were less likely to initiate intercourse. Knowledge was not predictive of initiation of sexual intercourse. Self-efficacy predicted initiation of sexual intercourse.
O’Donnell 2003 [8]	Cognitive and Psychological	849	Average age 12.2	Black	Urban	Low SES	Those who reported the most positive social expectancies were most likely to have reported initiating sex at base baseline. The more positive the social expectancies, the earlier the report of sexual initiation. Refusal self-efficacy delayed sexual intercourse through 10th grade.
Bachanas 2004 [9]	Cognitive and Psychological	158	12 to 19	Black	Urban	Low SES	Self-efficacy was not significantly associated with teens engaging in risky sexual behaviors.
Coyle 2014 [10]	Emotional Development and Sexual Experimentation	911	Grade 7	Black and Hispanic	Urban	Low SES	Study participants who reported ever touching private parts or being sexually touched were significantly more likely to ever have had vaginal intercourse. Among a subsample of youth who reported being in a current relationship, holding hands, kissing, cuddling, and other sexual activities were not significantly associated with vaginal intercourse. Among this subsample those who reported touching private parts were more likely to report vaginal intercourse; finding was not statistically significant.
Chewning 2001 [11]	Cognitive and Psychosocial	484	Graders 6-12	American Indian	Rural	Low SES	Self-efficacy to abstain from sex was significantly and positively associated with never having sex and the proportion of times a condom was used during intercourse. Self-efficacy to use/get condoms was significantly and positively associated with the proportion of times a condom and birth control were used during intercourse.