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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Adolesc. 2020 Feb 29;80:145–156. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.02.012

Table 2.

Measurement Items Used for Each Study

Author/Year Theoretical Framework Study Design Precursors Measured Measurement Items (if available) or Constructs Outcome Measured
Holloway 2012 [1] Social Cognitive Theory Cross-sectional Sex Expectancies Constructs:
1) Personal/Parental Expectancies,
2) Romantic/Peer Expectancies, 3) Academic/Career Expectancies		 1) Sexual possibility situations,
2) Kissing in a romantic or sexy way,
3) Sexual touching,
Bersamin 2006 [2] Social Cognitive Theory Cross-sectional Sex Expectancies Scale “yes” and “no”
1) I would be more popular,
2) I would feel more loved and wanted,
3) I would feel more attractive,
4) I would feel guilty,
5) I wouldget into trouble with my parents,
6) I would disappoint people who are important to me,
7) I could get pregnant/get someone pregnant, and
8) I could get an STI		 1) Oral,
2) Vaginal intercourse
Bourdeau 2011 [3] Theory not specified CFA, Longitudinal Sex Expectancies Scale “very unlikely”, “somewhat unlikely”, “somewhat likely”, and “very likely”
1) Get pregnant or get someone pregnant,
2) Enjoy it,
3) Get a sexually transmitted disease,
4) Feel guilty,
5) Be more popular,
6) Get into trouble
with your parents,
7) Get a bad reputation,
8) Feel more loved and wanted,
9) Lose your self-respect,
10) Feel more attractive,
11) Keep your boyfriend or girlfriend from breaking up
with you,
12) Feel closer to your partner,
13) Fit in more with your friends,
14) Disappoint people who are important to you,
15) Get HIV/AIDS,
16) Feel happy,
17) Have fun,
18) Feel more grown up,
19) Feel excited,
20) Feel satisfied,
21) Feel pleasure		 1) Holding hands,
2) Kissing or making out,
3) Ever engaging in oral sex,
4) Ever engaging in vaginal sex,
5) Ever engaging in anal sex
DiIorio 2001 [4] Social Cognitive Theory Cross-sectional Self-Efficacy, Sex Expectancies Constructs:
1) Self-efficacy to stay away from people who pressure you into having sex,
2) Self-efficacy to use a condom
3) Self-efficacy to refuse sex with a partner
4) Self-efficacy to discuss the partner’s sexual history
5) Self-evaluative expectancies with not having sex,
6) Physical expectancies with not having sex
7) Social expectancies with not having sex,
8) Self-evaluative expectancies with condom use,
9) Physical expectancies with condom use,
10) Social outcomes expectancies with condom use		 1) Delay in onset of sexual intercourse,
2) Condom use
Mathews 2008 [5] Theory of Planned Behavior Longitudinal Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, Sex-Expectancies Constructs:
1) HIV/AIDS knowledge,
2) Negative social outcome expectancies related to not having sex,
3) Severity of threats from consequences of unprotected sex (HIV/AIDS, STDs, and pregnancy)
4) Susceptibility to consequences of unprotected sex,
5) Self efficacy to say no to sex		 1) Intention to have sex,
2) Transition to first intercourse
Guliamo-Ramos 2007 [6] Social Cognitive Theory Cross-sectional Sex Expectancies “Scale ““yes”” and ““no””
1) My mother would be
embarrassed if I got
pregnant.
2) It would be embarrassing
for me if I got pregnant.
3) It is better to wait until I
am married to have
intercourse.
4) It would create money
problems for my family
if I got pregnant.
5) I might get HIV/AIDS.
6) I might get a sexually
transmitted disease.
7) I might get a bad
reputation.
8) I would feel guilty.
9) It would be morally wrong.
10) It would interfere
with school.
11) I might get pregnant.
12) My boyfriend might lose
respect for me.
13) I would regret not waiting
until I was married.
14) It would satisfy my curiosity about sex.
15) I think I would enjoy
the sex.
16) I would feel closer to
the boy with whom I had
intercourse.
17) It would prove to my boyfriend how much
I love him.
18) I would be more popular
with the boys.
19) I would feel more
“grown-up.”
20) I would feel more
attractive.
21) I wouldn’t feel left out.		 1) Sexual intentions
Santelli 2004 [7] Social Learning Theory Longitudinal Self-efficacy, Knowledge, Sex Expectancies Constructs:
1) Self-efficacy,
2) Knowledge about STD and condom use,
3) Perceived risk of STD		 1) Early initiation of sex
O’Donnell 2003 [8] Social Cognitive Theory Longitudinal Sexual Norms and Attitudes Constructs:
1) Sex outcome expectancies related to sexual behavior,
2) Sex refusal self-efficacy		 1) First report of sexual intercourse
Bachanas 2004 [9] Risk and Protective Model Cross-sectional Knowledge, Self-Efficacy Constructs:
1) Functional knowledge about HIV/AIDS,
2)Safer sex, practice self-efficacy		 1) Age first willingly had sex,
2) Number of partners in last 60 days,
3) Number of times had sex with that partner,
4) Number of times used a condom
Coyle 2014 [10] Theory not specified Cross-sectional Romantic Non-Sexual Activities Scale “yes” or “no”
1) We held hands,
2) We kissed,
3) We cuddled,
4) We touched each other’s private parts		 1) Had vaginal sex,
2) Touched private parts
Chewning 2001 [11] Problem Behavior Theory Cross-sectional Self-efficacy Specific items were not specified, but authors stated that items were obtained from three self-efficacy scales with high reliability related to sexual behaviors developed specifically for AI/AN populations by Rolf et al.(Rolf et al., 1991) 1)Had sexual intercourse,
2)Had sexual intercourse in the past three months,
3) Proportion of times birth control was used,
4) Proportion of times condoms were use